Suchergebnisse

To contribute to the examination of the effects of computer-mediated communication (CMC) on collaborative work, the impact of anonymity on willingness to exert effort on behalf of a group was examined. Two aspects of anonymity were independently manipulated: visibility of respondents (not visible, visible) and visibility of responses (not visible, visible) to the in-group. The role of degree of identification as moderator of anonymity effects was also examined. The results show that anonymity manipulations affect group members'effort on behalf of the group, but only when group identification is low. Low identifiers chose to work harder with the group either when they were totally anonymous or when they were totally visible to other in-group members. The implications of the results for the understanding of group processes through CMC are discussed.

AbstractResearch on the relational effects of stigma must move beyond the intergroup context and, most importantly, focus upon the ways in which stigma itself shapes social relationships. In order to more deeply investigate the relational consequences of social stigma, researchers interested in this topic need to consider the potential contributions of relationship science. Drawing upon past theory, we pose four overarching questions that may help bridge research on social stigma with relationship science: (1) What types of relationships are relevant to understanding the social consequences of stigma? (2) How do relationships operate when partners are faced with social stigma? (3) What psychosocial tendencies do people whose identities are stigmatized bring to their relationships? (4) How does the broader social context affect relationships for members of stigmatized groups? We also consider methodological advances from relationship science, broadly defined, that may progress research in this area. Finally, we highlight the importance of eliminating discriminatory policy as well as introducing policy aimed at remediating social inequalities to ensuring equity in social health between members of stigmatized and dominant groups. It is our aim to point toward a framework for scholars to further push the boundaries in understanding the social consequences of stigma.

AbstractLoneliness is most often understood as resulting from individual deficits that shape poor social engagement and unsatisfying interactions. As a consequence, interventions to address loneliness most often focus on fixing the lonely individual, for example, by modifying their social appraisals and skills, or encouraging them to get out more. In this paper, we characterize and contribute to changing this dominant narrative by arguing that it is both unhelpful and incomplete. We explain that this dominant narrative (1) increases loneliness and makes people feel worse about this experience, (2) does not account for important predictors of loneliness, (3) guides us to interventions that do not produce sufficiently effective or sustainable change, and (4) hinders broader understandings of the societal impact of loneliness. In this way, we argue that the dominant narrative around loneliness contributes to further setting those who feel lonely apart from the rest of society. We propose that attention to individual factors needs to be complemented by the acknowledgement that loneliness is heavily determined by social and structural conditions that render it unequally distributed in society, a situation that qualifies loneliness as a social justice issue.

AbstractSupportive social relationships are vital for health and well‐being as they serve to ameliorate stress and therefore reduce the likelihood of suffering from disease across the life course. This social support could be more essential for transgender people, who experience unique social stress due to their marginalized status. The current study compared and contrasted the experiential accounts of transgender people, their relational partners and gender service providers using a thematic phenomenological methodology across a series of focus groups and interviews. In total, there were 17 participants across three focus groups (eight transgender people, six relational partners, and three service providers) and nine participants in the interviews (three transgender people, three relational partners and three service providers). Four overarching themes were identified: (1) Coming out and identity management, (2) Reciprocal support in relationships, (3) Social transition and gender identity affirmation, (4) Experiences in the LGBTQ+ community. Issues of stigma, identity, and support were present throughout all the themes. Receiving gender identity affirmation from supportive relational partners was essential for transgender people, while external support was highlighted as something relational partners needed (but did not often seek). This research has implications for understanding how transgender people and their relational partners support one another when facing stress and stigma.

1. Power and identity : the multiple facets of a complex relationship / Denis Sindic, Manuela Barreto and Rui Costa-Lopes -- 2. Empire, religion and identity : the making of Goan people in the early modern period / Angela Barreto Xavier -- 3. State power and the genesis of Portuguese national identity / Jose Manuel Sobral -- 4. They're here to stay : tribes and power in contemporary Jordan / Eleanor Gao -- 5. Angry naked ladies : can stereotyping and sexual objectification be used to transform social system? / Olivier Klein. [et al.] -- 6. Empowerment : the intersection of identity and power in collective action / John Drury, Atalanti Evripidou and Martijn van Zomeren -- 7. May the force be with you : social identity, power and the perils of powerlessness / Stephen Reicher and S. Alexander Haslam -- 8. Power by the people and for the people : political power and identity in the separation and integration of national states / Denis Sindic -- 9. Understanding intergroup relations in context : power and identity / John F. Dovidio.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of asymmetric perceptions of task conflict (i.e. one person experiencing more conflict than the other) on the anticipated relationship with the partner, as well as subjective and objective performance.Design/methodology/approach– In a 2 × 2 between-participants experimental design, we manipulated participants' perception of task conflict (perceive task conflict vs does not perceive task conflict) and the perceptual conflict composition of their group (asymmetry vs symmetry). Participants were randomly allocated to each of the four experimental conditions. Eighty-four psychology students at a Dutch university participated (25 men and 59 women; average age = 21).Findings– Results show that when individuals realize that they have asymmetric task conflict perceptions, they have lower expectations about having a positive relationship with their partner and perform worse compared to when they have symmetric task perceptions (i.e. both experiencing either low or high levels of conflict).Originality/value– Past research on conflict has not often taken into account that individuals involved in a conflict can experience different amounts of conflict. By conducting an experimental study, in contrast to past research on conflict asymmetry, we can better understand the causal relationship between (a)symmetry of conflict and outcomes. We also provide insight into the mediating chain that examines how conflict asymmetry interferes with work processes and leads to negative work outcomes.