Suchergebnisse

Históricamente existe una brecha social educativa entre el sector rural y el urbano. Los esfuerzos gubernamentales se han centrado en la zona urbana y con ello, se han desmejorado las condiciones educativas para la ruralidad, siendo este sector en donde se acentúan problemas como el analfabetismo, la pobreza, poco desarrollo social y personal, poca inversión social, corrupción, violencia, entre muchos otros. La educación desde la Constitución Política de 1991 es entendida como un derecho y un servicio público (art. 67 C.P.) la cual tiene una función social y su importancia radica en su papel transformador para la persona, sociedad y el sector; es considerada el arma para combatir las desigualdades, la pobreza, violencia, brindar las herramientas, capacidades, conocimientos para poder vivir en sociedad y contribuir a los cambios positivos y significativos que se necesitan para lo rural y en general para toda la población. Por ello, urge realizar cambios en favor del sector rural, por medio de la adopción de nuevas políticas públicas pensadas para estos, bajo un nuevo modelo educativo inclusivo, diferenciado, el cual responda a las necesidades personales y sectoriales de la ruralidad, buscando con ello, brindarles la educación que tanto necesitan y con ello, contribuir a cerrar la brecha social educativa y combatir los demás problemas que aquejan a la ruralidad. Adicionalmente, se deben mejorar las condiciones del personal docente, brindando acompañamiento en su labor, así como garantizar los recursos educativos para poder realizar su labor, recuérdese que para el Ministerio de Educación Nacional (2016) "El rol y la cualificación del docente en el proceso educativo del estudiante juegan un papel preponderante teniendo en cuenta que su nivel de formación incide de manera positiva en la calidad de la educación.". Las políticas públicas son entendidas como acciones que se toman en procura de solucionar un determinado problema que aqueja a la sociedad y/o a una parte de ella, el cual previamente ha sido definido. Para el cumplimiento de estas políticas públicas educativas rurales, es indispensable contar con presupuesto suficiente y continuo, evitando con ello, la paralización de estos planes, por ende, es fundamental realizar una reforma constitucional con el propósito de establecer una asignación progresiva de los recursos educativos y con ello, garantizar la educación inclusiva y diferenciada para la ruralidad. ; Historically, there exists an educational and social gap between the rural and urban sectors. Governmental efforts have focused on urban areas. Rural inequalities have arisen, and the conditions for educations have deteriorated. Problems such as illiteracy, poverty, poor social and personal development, low social investment, corruption, violence, among many others, are accentuated. Education has existed as a right and public service in the Constitution of Colombia of 1991, Article 67. That right has a social function, and its importance lies in its transforming role for the individual, society, and the sector; it is considered the weapon to combat inequalities, poverty, violence, provide the tools, skills, and knowledge to live in society and contribute to the positive and significant changes that are needed for rural areas and in general for the entire population. Therefore, it is urgent to make changes in favor of the rural sector, through the adoption of new public policies designed for them, under a new inclusive, differentiated educational model, which response to the personal and sectoral needs of rural areas, thereby seeking to provide them with the education they need so much and thus contribute to closing the social gap in education and combat the other problems that afflict rural areas. The conditions of the teaching staff must be improved, accompanying their work, and guaranteeing the educational resources to perform their work, remembering that for the Ministry of National Education (2016) "The role and qualification of the teacher in the educational process of the student play a preponderant role considering that their level of training has a positive impact on the quality of education". Thus, it should be noted that they understand these public policies as actions taken to solve a certain problem that afflicts society and/or a part of it, defined then. To comply with these rural education public policies, it is essential to have a sufficient and continuous budget, thus avoiding the paralysis of these plans. Therefore, it is essential to carry out a constitutional reform to establish a progressive allocation of educational resources and thus guarantee inclusive and differentiated education for rural areas. ; Magister en Derecho Público ; http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.co

This paper summarizes the results obtained in two of the research projects carried out in our laboratory within the radiation protection programs of the Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear and the European Union. These two research lines are fundamentally interconnected, since the analysis of the cytogenetic effects of radiation on somatic cells studies the consequences of occupational or accidental exposure to radiation for the individual, especially from the point of view of developing some type of malignancy, while the studies carried out in germ cells evaluate the risk of exposure for future generations, through the transmission of chromosome abnormalities via affected spermatozoa. In both cases these studies, which were mainly carried out during the last six years, in addition to providing basic data for the assessment of the consequences of radiation exposure and defining the steps to be taken to prevent the transmission of chromosome anomalies to the offspring in cases of therapeutic exposure, have also been fundamental in developing more effective techniques for the evaluation of the cytogenetic consequences of exposure to radiation.

Remote microactuators are of great interest in biology and medicine as minimally-invasive tools for cellular stimulation. Remote actuation can be achieved by active magnetostrictive transducers which are capable of changing shape in response to external magnetic fields thereby creating controlled displacements. Among the magnetostrictive materials, Galfenol, the multifaceted iron-based smart material, offers high magnetostriction with robust mechanical properties. In order to explore these capabilities for biomedical applications, it is necessary to study the feasibility of material miniaturization in standard fabrication processes as well as evaluate the biocompatibility. Here we develop a technology to fabricate, release, and suspend Galfenol-based microparticles, without affecting the integrity of the material. The morphology, composition and magnetic properties of the material itself are characterized. The direct cytotoxicity of Galfenol is evaluated in vitro using human macrophages, osteoblast and osteosarcoma cells. In addition, cytotoxicity and actuation of Galfenol microparticles in suspension are evaluated using human macrophages. The biological parameters analyzed indicate that Galfenol is not cytotoxic, even after internalization of some of the particles by macrophages. The microparticles were remotely actuated forming intra- and extracellular chains that did not impact the integrity of the cells. The results propose Galfenol as a suitable material to develop remote microactuators for cell biology studies and intracellular applications. ; This study was supported by the Spanish Government through the project MINAHE 5 (No. TEC2014-51940-C1) and ENVBIOPORAL (No. MAT2014-57960-C3-3-R), the predoctoral FPI grant (No. BES- 2012-052105), the NANONEURO project PIE201350E110 (CSIC) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014-SGR-524). A.B. was supported by a predoctoral grant from the Universitat Aut onoma de Barcelona. We wish to thank as well the IMB-CNM Clean Room (Barcelona, Spain), Prof. William P. Robbins of University of Minnesota (Minneapolis, USA) for his support to perform the magnetostrictive measurements and the Institute for Rock Magnetism (Minneapolis, USA) for its facilities. ; Peer reviewed

Creating a sustainable network in biological and retrospective dosimetry that involves a large number of experienced laboratories throughout the European Union (EU) will significantly improve the accident and emergency response capabilities in case of a large-scale radiological emergency. A well-organised cooperative action involving EU laboratories will offer the best chance for fast and trustworthy dose assessments that are urgently needed in an emergency situation. To this end, the EC supports the establishment of a European network in biological dosimetry (RENEB). The RENEB project started in January 2012 involving cooperation of 23 organisations from 16 European countries. The purpose of RENEB is to increase the biodosimetry capacities in case of large-scale radiological emergency scenarios. The progress of the project since its inception is presented, comprising the consolidation process of the network with its operational platform, intercomparison exercises, training activities, proceedings in quality assurance and horizon scanning for new methods and partners. Additionally, the benefit of the network for the radiation research community as a whole is addressed.