Suchergebnisse

Si plus de la moitié des Terriens vivent dans des milieux urbains, l'espace offert par le sous-sol reste un gisement faiblement mobilisé en dehors du génie urbain et de projets isolés. Malgré la forte densité de constructions saturant la surface, la réflexion urbaine ne considère que très rarement le souterrain comme un espace habitable, un espace de vie. Exploités par l'homme depuis plusieurs milliers d'années notamment pour en extraire des matériaux ou se protéger, les espaces souterrains sont depuis la première moitié du xx e siècle empruntés par les citadins pour de multiples activités. Des synergies urbaines dessus-dessous se sont alors construites dans diverses métropoles, montrant l'intérêt d'exploiter l'espace souterrain pour la qualité de vie des urbains sur et sous terre.

Resilience and Urban Risk Management presents the latest progress made in designing resilient towns, and identifies leads to be explored for attaining the objective of systematically integrating risks into urban environments The aim of the book is to provide guidance in designing and planning future cities, and to create a new form of risk management that does not ignore what already exists, but integrates it in the same way as if it were new. Resilience and Urban Risk Management is of interest to academics, architects, town planners and engineers concerned with the relationship between urban.

8 p. (version du 6 juin 2007, mise en forme) ; National audience ; L'analyse du concept de risque, reconnu pour sa pluridisciplinarité, est central dans ce document. Le territoire défini comme " objets et symptômes des mutations contemporaines qui recomposent les sociétés, leurs économies et leurs systèmes politiques " (TERRITOIRE, 2006) et un élément primordial dans la construction du risque, notamment à travers deux axes complémentaires. Ces axes sont la gestion des risques comme résultante d'un système d'acteurs localisés et de cadres collectifs, et la vulnérabilité comme expression des fragilités et des résistances locales à un aléa particulier. Cet article fait le point sur la notion de risque telle qu'elle est abordée dans notre société fortement développée et extrêmement sensible aux risques. Ce travail se réfère au risque inondation. Il montre que d'autres voies méritent d'être explorées afin de sortir de l'impasse actuelle exprimée par la hausse du coût des dommages et les tensions entre Etat et collectivités territoriales.

8 p. (version du 6 juin 2007, mise en forme) ; National audience ; L'analyse du concept de risque, reconnu pour sa pluridisciplinarité, est central dans ce document. Le territoire défini comme " objets et symptômes des mutations contemporaines qui recomposent les sociétés, leurs économies et leurs systèmes politiques " (TERRITOIRE, 2006) et un élément primordial dans la construction du risque, notamment à travers deux axes complémentaires. Ces axes sont la gestion des risques comme résultante d'un système d'acteurs localisés et de cadres collectifs, et la vulnérabilité comme expression des fragilités et des résistances locales à un aléa particulier. Cet article fait le point sur la notion de risque telle qu'elle est abordée dans notre société fortement développée et extrêmement sensible aux risques. Ce travail se réfère au risque inondation. Il montre que d'autres voies méritent d'être explorées afin de sortir de l'impasse actuelle exprimée par la hausse du coût des dommages et les tensions entre Etat et collectivités territoriales.

8 p. (version du 6 juin 2007, mise en forme) ; National audience ; L'analyse du concept de risque, reconnu pour sa pluridisciplinarité, est central dans ce document. Le territoire défini comme " objets et symptômes des mutations contemporaines qui recomposent les sociétés, leurs économies et leurs systèmes politiques " (TERRITOIRE, 2006) et un élément primordial dans la construction du risque, notamment à travers deux axes complémentaires. Ces axes sont la gestion des risques comme résultante d'un système d'acteurs localisés et de cadres collectifs, et la vulnérabilité comme expression des fragilités et des résistances locales à un aléa particulier. Cet article fait le point sur la notion de risque telle qu'elle est abordée dans notre société fortement développée et extrêmement sensible aux risques. Ce travail se réfère au risque inondation. Il montre que d'autres voies méritent d'être explorées afin de sortir de l'impasse actuelle exprimée par la hausse du coût des dommages et les tensions entre Etat et collectivités territoriales.

8 p. (version du 6 juin 2007, mise en forme) ; National audience ; L'analyse du concept de risque, reconnu pour sa pluridisciplinarité, est central dans ce document. Le territoire défini comme " objets et symptômes des mutations contemporaines qui recomposent les sociétés, leurs économies et leurs systèmes politiques " (TERRITOIRE, 2006) et un élément primordial dans la construction du risque, notamment à travers deux axes complémentaires. Ces axes sont la gestion des risques comme résultante d'un système d'acteurs localisés et de cadres collectifs, et la vulnérabilité comme expression des fragilités et des résistances locales à un aléa particulier. Cet article fait le point sur la notion de risque telle qu'elle est abordée dans notre société fortement développée et extrêmement sensible aux risques. Ce travail se réfère au risque inondation. Il montre que d'autres voies méritent d'être explorées afin de sortir de l'impasse actuelle exprimée par la hausse du coût des dommages et les tensions entre Etat et collectivités territoriales.

8 p. (version du 6 juin 2007, mise en forme) ; National audience ; L'analyse du concept de risque, reconnu pour sa pluridisciplinarité, est central dans ce document. Le territoire défini comme " objets et symptômes des mutations contemporaines qui recomposent les sociétés, leurs économies et leurs systèmes politiques " (TERRITOIRE, 2006) et un élément primordial dans la construction du risque, notamment à travers deux axes complémentaires. Ces axes sont la gestion des risques comme résultante d'un système d'acteurs localisés et de cadres collectifs, et la vulnérabilité comme expression des fragilités et des résistances locales à un aléa particulier. Cet article fait le point sur la notion de risque telle qu'elle est abordée dans notre société fortement développée et extrêmement sensible aux risques. Ce travail se réfère au risque inondation. Il montre que d'autres voies méritent d'être explorées afin de sortir de l'impasse actuelle exprimée par la hausse du coût des dommages et les tensions entre Etat et collectivités territoriales.

International audience ; In the last 5 years in France, we have observed that each new flood event exposes the weaknesses of the existing prevention system as well as the local weakness. Such events raise questions about the relevance and the effectiveness of the means of prevention. But these events also reveal resistance of the exposed territories, which shows that effective and adequate local strategies exist. There are various methods to evaluate the weakness, or vulnerability of an area, but since the last ten years the qualitative approach of vulnerability in flood risks became more important. Nevertheless, local authorities are often unable to evaluate the vulnerabilities of their territory. Local decision makers request tools for a better assessment of flooding vulnerability. Thus, many approaches of the weakness and the resistance of frequently flooded territories were developed on various scales. These approaches are often partial and contextual. There is a clear need for a support of the evaluation of vulnerability. However, there are obvious synergies between these different approaches, with regard to data retrieval and the establishment of adequate information systems taking into account the vulnerability of a specific territory. The paper develops a methodology aimed to organize into a software tool the choice of vulnerability indicators and the integration of the point of view of various stakeholders (economists, town planners, experts, political leaders, etc). This challenge is based on three simple statements: break down of the problems of vulnerability into homogeneous subsets and manage them; articulation of these subsets in a graphical interface allowing the presentation of interactions between the indicators of vulnerability and compare the opposed visions of vulnerability. The interface of the tool integrates various vulnerability indicators, which are organised in several categories, in order to allow a flexible and efficient vulnerability analysis.

International audience ; In the last 5 years in France, we have observed that each new flood event exposes the weaknesses of the existing prevention system as well as the local weakness. Such events raise questions about the relevance and the effectiveness of the means of prevention. But these events also reveal resistance of the exposed territories, which shows that effective and adequate local strategies exist. There are various methods to evaluate the weakness, or vulnerability of an area, but since the last ten years the qualitative approach of vulnerability in flood risks became more important. Nevertheless, local authorities are often unable to evaluate the vulnerabilities of their territory. Local decision makers request tools for a better assessment of flooding vulnerability. Thus, many approaches of the weakness and the resistance of frequently flooded territories were developed on various scales. These approaches are often partial and contextual. There is a clear need for a support of the evaluation of vulnerability. However, there are obvious synergies between these different approaches, with regard to data retrieval and the establishment of adequate information systems taking into account the vulnerability of a specific territory. The paper develops a methodology aimed to organize into a software tool the choice of vulnerability indicators and the integration of the point of view of various stakeholders (economists, town planners, experts, political leaders, etc). This challenge is based on three simple statements: break down of the problems of vulnerability into homogeneous subsets and manage them; articulation of these subsets in a graphical interface allowing the presentation of interactions between the indicators of vulnerability and compare the opposed visions of vulnerability. The interface of the tool integrates various vulnerability indicators, which are organised in several categories, in order to allow a flexible and efficient vulnerability analysis.

International audience ; In the last 5 years in France, we have observed that each new flood event exposes the weaknesses of the existing prevention system as well as the local weakness. Such events raise questions about the relevance and the effectiveness of the means of prevention. But these events also reveal resistance of the exposed territories, which shows that effective and adequate local strategies exist. There are various methods to evaluate the weakness, or vulnerability of an area, but since the last ten years the qualitative approach of vulnerability in flood risks became more important. Nevertheless, local authorities are often unable to evaluate the vulnerabilities of their territory. Local decision makers request tools for a better assessment of flooding vulnerability. Thus, many approaches of the weakness and the resistance of frequently flooded territories were developed on various scales. These approaches are often partial and contextual. There is a clear need for a support of the evaluation of vulnerability. However, there are obvious synergies between these different approaches, with regard to data retrieval and the establishment of adequate information systems taking into account the vulnerability of a specific territory. The paper develops a methodology aimed to organize into a software tool the choice of vulnerability indicators and the integration of the point of view of various stakeholders (economists, town planners, experts, political leaders, etc). This challenge is based on three simple statements: break down of the problems of vulnerability into homogeneous subsets and manage them; articulation of these subsets in a graphical interface allowing the presentation of interactions between the indicators of vulnerability and compare the opposed visions of vulnerability. The interface of the tool integrates various vulnerability indicators, which are organised in several categories, in order to allow a flexible and efficient vulnerability analysis.

International audience ; In the last 5 years in France, we have observed that each new flood event exposes the weaknesses of the existing prevention system as well as the local weakness. Such events raise questions about the relevance and the effectiveness of the means of prevention. But these events also reveal resistance of the exposed territories, which shows that effective and adequate local strategies exist. There are various methods to evaluate the weakness, or vulnerability of an area, but since the last ten years the qualitative approach of vulnerability in flood risks became more important. Nevertheless, local authorities are often unable to evaluate the vulnerabilities of their territory. Local decision makers request tools for a better assessment of flooding vulnerability. Thus, many approaches of the weakness and the resistance of frequently flooded territories were developed on various scales. These approaches are often partial and contextual. There is a clear need for a support of the evaluation of vulnerability. However, there are obvious synergies between these different approaches, with regard to data retrieval and the establishment of adequate information systems taking into account the vulnerability of a specific territory. The paper develops a methodology aimed to organize into a software tool the choice of vulnerability indicators and the integration of the point of view of various stakeholders (economists, town planners, experts, political leaders, etc). This challenge is based on three simple statements: break down of the problems of vulnerability into homogeneous subsets and manage them; articulation of these subsets in a graphical interface allowing the presentation of interactions between the indicators of vulnerability and compare the opposed visions of vulnerability. The interface of the tool integrates various vulnerability indicators, which are organised in several categories, in order to allow a flexible and efficient vulnerability analysis.

International audience ; In the last 5 years in France, we have observed that each new flood event exposes the weaknesses of the existing prevention system as well as the local weakness. Such events raise questions about the relevance and the effectiveness of the means of prevention. But these events also reveal resistance of the exposed territories, which shows that effective and adequate local strategies exist. There are various methods to evaluate the weakness, or vulnerability of an area, but since the last ten years the qualitative approach of vulnerability in flood risks became more important. Nevertheless, local authorities are often unable to evaluate the vulnerabilities of their territory. Local decision makers request tools for a better assessment of flooding vulnerability. Thus, many approaches of the weakness and the resistance of frequently flooded territories were developed on various scales. These approaches are often partial and contextual. There is a clear need for a support of the evaluation of vulnerability. However, there are obvious synergies between these different approaches, with regard to data retrieval and the establishment of adequate information systems taking into account the vulnerability of a specific territory. The paper develops a methodology aimed to organize into a software tool the choice of vulnerability indicators and the integration of the point of view of various stakeholders (economists, town planners, experts, political leaders, etc). This challenge is based on three simple statements: break down of the problems of vulnerability into homogeneous subsets and manage them; articulation of these subsets in a graphical interface allowing the presentation of interactions between the indicators of vulnerability and compare the opposed visions of vulnerability. The interface of the tool integrates various vulnerability indicators, which are organised in several categories, in order to allow a flexible and efficient vulnerability analysis.

International audience ; In the last 5 years in France, we have observed that each new flood event exposes the weaknesses of the existing prevention system as well as the local weakness. Such events raise questions about the relevance and the effectiveness of the means of prevention. But these events also reveal resistance of the exposed territories, which shows that effective and adequate local strategies exist. There are various methods to evaluate the weakness, or vulnerability of an area, but since the last ten years the qualitative approach of vulnerability in flood risks became more important. Nevertheless, local authorities are often unable to evaluate the vulnerabilities of their territory. Local decision makers request tools for a better assessment of flooding vulnerability. Thus, many approaches of the weakness and the resistance of frequently flooded territories were developed on various scales. These approaches are often partial and contextual. There is a clear need for a support of the evaluation of vulnerability. However, there are obvious synergies between these different approaches, with regard to data retrieval and the establishment of adequate information systems taking into account the vulnerability of a specific territory. The paper develops a methodology aimed to organize into a software tool the choice of vulnerability indicators and the integration of the point of view of various stakeholders (economists, town planners, experts, political leaders, etc). This challenge is based on three simple statements: break down of the problems of vulnerability into homogeneous subsets and manage them; articulation of these subsets in a graphical interface allowing the presentation of interactions between the indicators of vulnerability and compare the opposed visions of vulnerability. The interface of the tool integrates various vulnerability indicators, which are organised in several categories, in order to allow a flexible and efficient vulnerability analysis.

In today's ubiquitously connected society, citizens are continuously exposed to information energy usage- related. information However, users are not interpreting or taking appropriate action to benefit from the opportunities such information embodies. This concern is particularly relevant when time-dependent and especially real-time pricing of electricity is available. A parallel problem resides in businesses not transferring energy pricing variations onto their customers, in a way that shields them from effectively contributing to demand response. Under such a scenario, for businesses to remain competitive, different levels of services could be offered, according to the time of day at which energy consumption takes place. This paper is grounded on the assumption that energy consumers require assistance for making appropriate energy usage choices in the ever-complex evolving energy market, especially in consuming services and products that optimize overall energy use. A tentative architecture for a community-wide collaborative energy optimization platform is presented, aimed at engaging citizens, business owners, and city authorities into exploring alternative efficient behaviour scenarios. This work also reviews and discusses how developments in fields of cloud-based data acquisition, energy management, and ICT-based engagement platforms can be integrated to realize this vision. ; This study is part of the RAGE project. The RAGE project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 644187. This publication reflects only the author's view. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.