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The article suggests that the chapter "The Grand Inquisitor" in F.M. Dosto­evsky's novel "The Brothers Karamazov", which raises the question of the ne­cessity/undesirability of strict administration in the field of church and social life, is a reflection of the views of Archimandrite Theodore (A.M. Bukharev), for his protests against the infringement of the human right to choose a religious model and social freedom subjected to bullying by conservative circles. In a num­ber of his books throughout the 1860s Bukharev insisted on the need to abandon authoritarianism, he questioned the inviolability of church dogmas in favor of a free spiritual search of a person not constrained by restrictions. Contempo­raries, including A.I. Herzen, commenting on this issue, spoke of Bukharev's persecutors from the Synod and the "Domashnaya beseda" magazine (The Home Conversation) as "inquisitors" who dealt with the philosopher in the same way as the Spanish religious police did. Bukharev's main idea was the need for the country and the whole world to move from the generally accepted Old Testament model of political and trade relations between people based on the idea of "an eye for an eye" to benevolent positive ties based on the principle of brotherly love, commanded by Jesus Christ. Dostoevsky laid this idea at the foundation of the ideology of "pochvennichestvo", as was reported in the "Announcement" about the publication of the magazine "Time", the organ of the socio-cultural project created by him. The motives and the basic structure of Bukharev's logic, the idea of the saving power of Christian love, were used by Dostoevsky in all his works written after Bukharev's death. It was used with the greatest force in the novel "The Brothers Karamazov" for modern readers at the level of hidden allusion, and for contemporaries it was done in the form of an open allusion.

The article analyzes the life path and tragic death of the philosopher Grigory Borisovich Itelson (1852–1926) emigrated from Russia. According to the as­sumption put forward in the article, he became the prototype of Albert Lichten­berg, the hero in the story of Andrey Platonov Garbage Wind (1933), which de­scribes the fate of a lonely German scientist, "the physicist of outer space", who was killed by the Nazis for protesting against fascism. The article analyzes a number of coincidences between the fate of G.B. Itelson and the philosopher Lichtenberg described in the story Garbage Wind, in particular, the way of life and the circumstances of death. The author of the article finds in the text of Platonov's story some allusions to G.B. Itelson – features of the worldview, pub­lication by the hero of the story of the book The Universe as a desolate space, burned in the square by the fascists, which is seen as a hint of the book by Felix Eberti Stars and World History. Thoughts about space, published by G.B. Itelson in 1923. The author analyzes the reason for Platonov's appeal to the personality of Itelson, who was a personal friend of A. Einstein and the main translator of his books into Russian. Through these publications in the 1920s, A. Platonov got acquainted with the General and Special Theory of Relativity, which had a strong influence on the writer's worldview and largely shaped the poetics of his works. The article argues for the possibility of Platonov's acquaintance with the obitu­ary of G.B. Itelson, written by A.A. Goldenweiser and published in the Berlin Russian newspaper Ruhl, which describes in detail the life and tragic death of the philosopher at the hands of the Nazis