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This paper presents an analysis on one of the main indicators for the study of political support, which is Satisfaction with Democracy. It also offers a revision on the actual levels of this indicator in different European societies. This paper, therefore, deepens and presents data on the levels and nature of support for the democratic process, measured by the indicator of satisfaction for democracy.

La ubicación en la escala izquierda-derecha es una de las formas más extendidas que utilizan los ciudadanos para expresar sus posiciones políticas en las democracias occidentales. Existe una gran cantidad de literatura que explica los factores en los que se basa la posición en dicha escala, principalmente, la estructura social, los valores y el partidismo. Este artículo se centra en las posiciones de los ciudadanos en la escala izquierda-derecha en el contexto español utilizando las oleadas de 2008 y 2017 de la Encuesta Europea de Valores (EVS) para presentar un modelo explicativo completo para las posiciones izquierda-derecha, que incluye, a nuestro entender, el espectro más amplio de la dimensión de valores examinadas hasta la fecha, concluyendo que el partidismo es el factor más importante que explica el autoposicionamiento en la escala.

Institutional trust is in decline in many western democracies. Since the 2008 global economic and financial crisis, this increasing distrust has been closely related to trust in political institutions. Trust in institutions is one of the pillars of democracy, and its decline is one of the most evident and shared symptoms of the recession, especially in those contexts where it has been particularly acute. This article has both substantive and methodological aims. From a substantive point of view, it deals with trust in political institutions in Europe, and its decline during the recession. Differences are found among European countries, depending on the severity of the economic crisis. From a methodological point of view, the article compares two methodologies for cross-cultural analyses: the more traditional Multiple-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and the newer Alignment method. Recommendations for the use of the newer method in certain circumstances are provided. ; peerReviewed ; publishedVersion

Fundamental aspects of human existence such as birth and death are at the core of our values and profoundly sensitive to our religious beliefs, our ideals as a society, and our opinions on the extent to which individuals may interfere in these basic life issues. This article analyses the factors that explain people's attitudes towards key beginning- and end-of-life issues. To do this, we first tracked variations across two points in time, and then looked at the effects of value orientations and socio-demographic factors in comparative perspective across countries. Based on previous literature, we consider justification for euthanasia, abortion, and in vitro fertilisation as a latent variable using European Value Study data from the 2008 and 2017 waves. Five European societies were analysed: Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, and Russia. All the countries observed showed growing levels of justification for these practices, although significant differences were found in the value orientation effects and respondents´ background variables on attitudes towards life and death issues. In order to properly address comparability, multi-group confirmatory factor analyses across countries and across waves were conducted, and measurement invariance tested. From our analyses, we can conclude that age and religiosity, alongside other sociodemographic variables, are important explanatory factors in the justification of life and death issues in all the countries examined; however, value orientations show less conclusive effects on such attitudes.

Las personas de género no binario son aquellas quienes no se identifican con la dicotomía de hombre-mujer. El reconocimiento de estas identidades debería formar parte de los objetivos de inclusión social de toda democracia que respeta el derecho a la autodeterminación de género como parte de fundamental del derecho a la vida privada e inclusión jurídica. Aunque al nivel jurídico, académico, y social, estas personas siguen sin recibir su debido reconocimiento, varios países Europeos han tomado pasos concretos para reconocer la existencia de estas personas y concederles libertad de acceso a sus derechos civiles. A pesar de las propuestas jurídicas desde el 2017 para la ampliación de los derechos de las personas trans* y un mayor reconocimiento en ciertos medios, aún España no ha llegado a reconocer el género no binario. Tomando como ejemplo Dinamarca, Los Países Bajos, Alemania, y Malta quienes han formalizado el reconocimiento jurídico del género no binario, proponemos hacer un análisis comparativo en cada país de los derechos LGBT+, comparando sus definiciones, planteamientos de partida y relacionándolo con su legislación y medidas más recientes para tratar de ver la relación entre los planteamientos y definiciones de partida y las medidas legales y planteamientos de políticas públicas.

Institutional trust is in decline in many western democracies. Since the 2008 global economic and financial crisis, this increasing distrust has been closely related to trust in political institutions. Trust in institutions is one of the pillars of democracy, and its decline is one of the most evident and shared symptoms of the recession, especially in those contexts where it has been particularly acute. This article has both substantive and methodological aims. From a substantive point of view, it deals with trust in political institutions in Europe, and its decline during the recession. Differences are found among European countries, depending on the severity of the economic crisis. From a methodological point of view, the article compares two methodologies for cross-cultural analyses: the more traditional Multiple-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and the newer Alignment method. Recommendations for the use of the newer method in certain circumstances are provided

IntroductionThe public's justifiability of euthanasia has increased as more countries have adopted laws permitting a range of end-of-life practices. Despite this trend, there is a dearth of longitudinal and comparative studies investigating attitudes toward euthanasia. Consequently, it remains unclear whether this rise in justifiability is a period-specific trend or generational change.MethodsWe analyzed data from the European and World Values Survey from 1981 to 2021 to examine period variations, between-cohort differences, and within-cohort changes across 35 affluent countries. This analysis was conducted using dynamic comparative multilevel regression and a comparative version of the cross-classified random effects regressions.ResultsOur descriptive results supported our hypotheses, indicating an increase in euthanasia's justifiability in virtually all surveyed countries, with both overall and within-cohort changes gravitating toward higher degrees of justifiability. Furthermore, newer periods and younger cohorts were found to be more permissive than their older counterparts. These consistent increases in the justifiability of euthanasia were verified by the multilevel models.DiscussionOur results were in line with modernization theory, observing a gradual change in attitudes between cohorts due to generational replacement. However, we also identified intra-cohort changes related to the processes of human development across various countries. Some robustness checks produced ambiguous results in distinguishing period and cohort effects, yet the combination of these components aligns with substantive theory.ConclusionOur findings indicate a more complex pattern of change than predicted by the impressionable years model, a leading approach in political socialization research. This study contributes significantly to our understanding of evolving attitudes toward euthanasia, bridging the gap in longitudinal and comparative studies on the subject.