Suchergebnisse

Hay una clara dimension Norte/Sur en los patrones internacionales de desarrollo de las ecoindustrias que se establecieron para ocuparse de la reduccion y eliminacion de los desechos, pero tambien de las que han impulsado la produccion menos contaminante. En representacion del Norte, en el presente articulo se examina el medio ambiente europeo y las industrias con tecnologia menos contaminante. En representacion del Sur, se analiza lo ocurrido en America Latina. Se cuestiona la naturaleza de la expansion del sector encargado de la gestion ambiental de la industria, sobre todo su composicion y como se interpreta en distintos paises. (Rev CEPAL/DÜI)

AbstractFor most urban areas, the challenges of adaptation are as urgent as those of mitigation. This is particularly the case where adaptive capacity is weak, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries, and the benefits of global mitigation in the short term will be experienced beyond 2050. A focus on adaptive capacity‐building in these vulnerable settings is imperative. Much of the emphasis in climate change since the early 1990s has been on basic science and how public policy should respond to it; less attention has been paid to the governance implications and connections with wider development processes. This article explores the governance challenges of adaptation in the Santiago Metropolitan Region. It points to weaknesses in the water and energy sectors, which have highly sectoral, horizontally unintegrated institutional structures and instruments that pose significant challenges for adaptation. Such cases point to the need to engage with both the wider planning concerns of existing development strategies and the basic elements of transdisciplinarity, finance and human capital‐building, in order to forge a more integrated adaptation response. Without an engagement with the governance issue and wider debates around metropolitan planning and socioeconomic development, it is unlikely the response will move beyond a limited physical infrastructure investment programme.

What lessons can be learned from Chile's 'Road to Socialism', 1970-73? In contrast to the predominant focus on the undermining of the government by opposition forces (the US administration, domestic and foreign capitalists, the Chilean military and right-wing movements), this short comment highlights the importance of social property and mass mobilisation to the UP programme. It points to the large-scale land redistribution that took place, also the changes in industrial control. The conclusion stresses that the legacy of the UP government should be one of social mobilisation and the possibilities for rapid changes in social relations.

There have been two parallel processes in Chilean political economy during the 1990s. A high profile has been accorded to the transition from authoritarianism to democracy and its related debates. A relatively low profile has been accorded to the continuity in the state model of capitalism that was implemented under authoritarianism. This paper argues that transition can be best understood in terms of the role of Augusto Pinochet and his strategies for maintaining power – Pinochetismo. As such, his forced retirement from political life marks the end of transition. The second point is perhaps of more importance however. The democratic political regime has intensified the model of capitalist accumulation of the 1970s and 1980s and socio‐economic polarisation has been perpetuated. While the focus on the nature of transition during the 1990s was necessary, there has been a failure to question the social relations established by capitalism. With the end of transition in July 2001, the greatest challenge for Chilean democracy now lies in creating a state based on social relations that serves the needs of the majority rather than the desires of the few.

British business in Latin America struggled throughout the inter-war
period, affected by the First World War, aggressive US trade strategies and a
dated British commercial support structure that had turned its attentions to
imperial markets. Chamber of Commerce archive material reveals the frustrations
of the British business community in Chile as hard-won markets were lost to well-supported US firms and returning German competition, as a consequence of
weak political, financial and marketing support. Against a backdrop of British
commercial decline worldwide, the Chilean case echoes the experiences of
businessmen across Latin America's non-imperial markets. As the British
government dallied, US business established an unassailable position.