Suchergebnisse

Abstract Background The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has set a target for increasing forest cover from the present level of 23% of land area to 33% and agroforestry contributes to this target. Methods The effect of agroforestry on carbon sequestration and livelihood security of people in India was reviewed. Also, a survey was conducted in two regions of West Bengal, one drought-prone and the other in a mountainous district, to assess the contribution of agroforestry to human well-being and livelihood security. Results The average carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry systems is estimated to be 25t.ha -1 over 96 million ha but there is substantial regional variability. The survey showed that village communities are dependent on agroforestry systems for income, employment opportunities and livelihood security. An account is also given of Government forestry and tree-planting programmes that encourage the practice of silvipasture, agrisilviculture, and agrihorticulture in rain-fed and irrigated areas. Conclusions Agroforestry systems offer opportunities for the improvement of the livelihood of poor people through provision of economic and environmental security.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Hypotheses -- References -- 2 Review of Literature -- 2.1 Literature on Vulnerability at the Global, National and Micro Level -- 2.2 Literature on Adaptation -- References -- 3 Data Base and Methodology -- 3.1 Secondary Data -- 3.2 Primary Data -- 3.2.1 Study Area and Sampling Design and Selection of Households -- 3.2.2 Period of the Study -- 3.3 Primary Data and Analytical Methods -- 3.3.1 Panel Regression -- 3.3.2 Econometric Model on Vulnerability to Expected Poverty -- 3.3.3 Determinants of Vulnerability: Ordered Logit Model -- 3.3.4 Gender-Wise Vulnerability -- 3.3.5 Probit Model for Adaptation Decisions -- 3.4 Terminology Involved in the Methodology -- References -- 4 Profile of Study Area and Socio-Economic Analysis of the Sample Households -- 4.1 Profile of the Study Area -- 4.1.1 Hill Regions of Darjeeling District -- 4.1.2 Foothill of Jalpaiguri District -- 4.1.3 Drought Region of Purulia District -- 4.1.4 Coastal Region of Sunderbans of South 24 Parganas District -- 4.1.5 Coastal Region of East Midnapore District -- 4.2 Description of Sample Households Across Five Agro-Climatic Regions -- 4.2.1 Description of Sample Households in the Hill Region of Darjeeling District -- 4.2.2 Description of Sample Households in the Foothill Region of Jalpaiguri District -- 4.2.3 Description of Sample Households in the Drought Region of Purulia District -- 4.2.4 Description of Sample Households in the Coastal Sundarban in the District of South 24 Parganas -- 4.2.5 Description of Sample Households in the Coastal Region of East Midnapore District -- References -- 5 Quantitative Measurement of Vulnerability in Various Districts of West Bengal Based on Secondary Data -- 5.1 District Wise Vulnerability Indices with Equal Weights and Unequal Weights.

The article attempts to examine the marketing efficiency of potato markets in West Bengal's Hooghly district. The analysis was made at three levels, namely wholesale markets, retail markets and the village market. The analysis using the Johansen and Juselius (1990) cointegration test revealed that the potato markets were integrated and efficient. Turning to the village level, primary data were collected from primary sources in the Arambagh block of Hooghly for the period of July 2000–December 2001. The study simultaneously covered two regions—the cold storage concentration zone and the non-concentration zone. We conclude that 'efficiency', as revealed by integration of wholesale and retail markets, cannot coexist with a complex and non-competitive market structure at the village level. This means that the village findings support the inefficiency of potato marketing. There is a need to intervene the private corporate sectors in the potato market to enhance the efficiency at the village level.