Suchergebnisse

Bibliography: leaves 341-389. ; The central aim of this research is to evaluate the claim by members of the Coloured population of the Western Cape that they are as socially and economically marginalized under the current government as they were under apartheid. The purpose of this is to contribute to the debate on post-apartheid social transformation and broader debates on the continued use of the notion of Colouredness in the South African context. The research findings are based on fieldwork carried out in four main high schools in Coloured communities in the Western Cape province. This thesis first establishes the broad theoretical, political and historical background of the research. This section of the thesis debates the nature of Colouredness and the existing theoretical frameworks for the analysis of Coloured identities. Following this Coloured experiences of post-apartheid education policy and provision are considered. Within this analysis the evidence for claims of marginalization is discussed and its nature and intention is assessed. From this basis, the thesis then investigates the reactions of pupils to this perceived marginalization, in terms of their attitudes towards education, their aspirations and their attitudes towards other pupils. A final part of the analysis considers the nature of school and community responses to pupils' reactions to their perceived marginalization. This section investigates not only the nature of the responses, but also seeks to provide explanations for these responses, using the theoretical frameworks of the earlier sections. Finally, this thesis draws conclusions based on the original questions posed and then points to the wider implications of this research in the South African political and international theoretical contexts.

Part I: Urbanization, poverty, food and measurement --African urbanization and poverty /Muna Shifa and Jackie Borel-Saladin --Rural bias and urban food security /Jonathan Crush and Liam Riley --Linking urban food security, urban food systems, poverty and urbanization /Jane Battersby and Gareth Haysom --Understanding and addressing poverty, labour force and urbanization data gaps in Sub-Saharan Africa /Jackie Borel-Saladin, Muna Shifa and Ann Donald --Part II: Urban food governance and planning --Historical urban food governance in Africa: the case of Kenya, c. 1900 to 1950 /James Duminy --Urban food governance and planning in Africa /Warren Smit --Contributing and yet excluded? Informal food retail in African cities /Caroline Skinner --Planning and governance of food systems in Kisumu, Kenya /Patrick Odhiambo Hayombe, Fredrick Omondi Owino, and Frankline Awuor Otiende --Planning and governance of food systems in Kitwe, Zambia: a case study of food retail space /Jane Battersby and Francis Muwowo --Governance of food systems in Epworth, Zimbabwe /Easther Chigumira, Godfrey Tawodzera, Oliver Manjengwa, and Idah Mbengo --Urban food production in Harare, Zimbabwe /Percy Toriro --Part III: Understanding the urban food systems --Food value chains in Kisumu, Kitwe and Epworth: environmental and social hotspots /Lesley Sibanda and Harro von Blottnitz --The characteristics of the urban food system in Kisumu, Kenya /Paul Opiyo and Harun Ogindo --The characteristics of the urban food system in Kitwe, Zambia: a focus on the retail sector /Issahaka Fuseini, Jane Battersby, and Niraj Jain --The characteristics of the urban food system in Epworth, Zimbabwe /Godfrey Tawodzera, Easther Chigumira, Idah Mbengo and Samuel Kusangaya --Part IV: The state of urban food poverty and its connections to the food system --Food poverty in Kisumu, Kenya /George Godwin Wagah, Nelson Obange, and Harun Ogindo --Food poverty in Kitwe, Zambia /Issahaka Fuseini and Owen Sichone --Food poverty in Epworth, Zimbabwe /Godfrey Tawodzera and Easther Chigumira.

As Africa urbanises and the focus of poverty shifts to urban centres, there is an imperative to address poverty in African cities. This is particularly the case in smaller cities, which are often the most rapidly urbanising, but the least able to cope with this growth. This book argues that an examination of the food system and food security provides a valuable lens to interrogate urban poverty. Chapters examine the linkages between poverty, urban food systems and local governance with a focus on case studies from three smaller or secondary cities in Africa: Kisumu (Kenya), Kitwe (Zambia) and Epworth (Zimbabwe). The book makes a wider contribution to debates on urban studies and urban governance in Africa through analysis of the causes and consequences of the paucity of urban-scale data for decision makers, and by presenting potential methodological innovations to address this paucity. As the global development agenda is increasingly focusing on urban issues, most notably the urban goal of the new Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda, the work is timely.

This book presents the findings of an international collaborative research project
that aimed to improve our understanding of the connections between
urban poverty, food systems, household food security and governance, by focusing
on three secondary cities in Anglophone sub-Saharan Africa.

This book investigates food security and the implications of hyper-urbanisation and rapid growth of urban populations in Africa. By means of a series of case studies involving African cities of various sizes, it argues that, while the concept of food security holds value, it needs to be reconfigured to fit the everyday realities and distinctive trajectory of urbanisation in the region. The book goes on to discuss the urban context, where food insecurity is more a problem of access and changing consumption patterns than of insufficient food production. In closing, it approaches food insecurity in Africa as an increasingly urban problem that requires different responses from those applied to rural populations

This book investigates food security and the implications of hyper-urbanisation and rapid growth of urban populations in Africa. By means of a series of case studies involving African cities of various sizes, it argues that, while the concept of food security holds value, it needs to be reconfigured to fit the everyday realities and distinctive trajectory of urbanisation in the region. The book goes on to discuss the urban context, where food insecurity is more a problem of access and changing consumption patterns than of insufficient food production. In closing, it approaches food insecurity in Africa as an increasingly urban problem that requires different responses from those applied to rural populations.

PURPOSE: Quantitative epidemiological tools are routinely used to assess adolescent diet and physical activity (PA) constructs (behaviour, knowledge, and awareness) as risk factors for non-communicable diseases. This study sought to synthesize evidence on the quantitative epidemiological tools that have been used to assess adolescent diet and PA constructs in low to middle-income countries (LMIC). METHODS: A systematised review was conducted using 3 databases (EbscoHost, Scopus and Web of Science). RESULTS: We identified 292 LMIC studies assessing adolescent diet and PA. Identified studies predominantly explored behavioural (90%) constructs with a paucity of studies investigating knowledge and awareness. The majority of studies used subjective (94%) and self-administered (78%) tools. Only 39% of LMIC studies used tools validated for their contexts. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the need for more contextual tools for assessing adolescent diet and PA in LMICs. Diet and PA measurement tools used in future research will need to incorporate measures of knowledge and awareness for a more comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of diet and PA in adolescents. Furthermore, there is a need for more evidence on the reliability and validity of these tools for use, in both cross sectional and longitudinal studies, in LMIC contexts. ; This study was funded by Urban Food Systems Governance for NCD Prevention in South Africa, Kenya and Namibia (Nourishing Spaces) IDRC, Canada Project [grant number 108458]. TO is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) [grant number 16/137/34] using UK aid from the UK Government to support global health research. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the UK Department of Health and Social Care. MK was supported by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF) under joint funding with the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for her PhD.

"The Routledge Handbook of Urban Food Governance is the first collection to reflect on and compile the currently dispersed histories, concepts and practices involved in the increasingly popular field of urban food governance. Unpacking the power of urban food governance and its capacity to affect lives through the transformation of cities and the global food system, the handbook is structured into five sections. The first section focuses on histories of urban food governance to trace the historical roots of current dynamics and provide an impetus for the critical lens on urban food governance threaded through the handbook. The second presents a broad overview of the different frames, theories and concepts that have informed urban food governance scholarship. Drawing on the previous sections, section three engages with the practice of urban food governance by analysing plans, policies and programmes implemented in different contexts. Section four presents current knowledge on how urban food governance involves different agencies that operate across scales and sectors. The final section asks key figures in this field what the future holds for urban food governance in midst of pressing societal and environmental challenges. Containing chapters written by emerging and established scholars, as well as practitioners, the handbook provides a state of the art, global, and diverse examination of the role of cities in delivering sustainable and secure food outcomes, as well as providing refreshed theoretical and practical tools to understand and transform urban food governance to enact more sustainable and just futures. The Routledge Handbook of Urban Food Governance will be essential reading for students, scholars, practitioners and policymakers interested in food governance, urban studies, sustainable food and agriculture, and sustainable living more broadly"--