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This paper aims to explore the complex and sometimes controversial relationship between social media and politics. The correlation between these two areas of research has always been less linear than a simplistic narrative might suggest, mainly because of the involvement of different scientific disciplines, such as sociology, political science, communication, social psychology and computer science. The decision to explore this topic is motivated by the persistent relevance of social media platforms in the current era. This growing centrality is also due to the accelerated digitization process that occurred during the pandemic phase in the digital ecosystem. In particular, the pandemic has contributed to a significant evolution of the concept of social networks. The methodology used is based on secondary data, and the work seeks to highlight the expansion of digital space resulting from the shift from a simple place of interaction to a digital space that reconfigured the mobilization and political action of Campania's governor Vincenzo De Luca. In conclusion, the study reveals important findings on the president's use of social media. For example, active citizen engagement strategies through direct interaction, timely information sharing, and mobilization of online resources are evident. Therefore, it becomes necessary to ask and understand whether the potential of new social technologies is being used to cultivate critical and massive citizen participation in democratic processes or whether it is being distorted for the sole purpose of increasing or consolidating consent.

Cet article vise à explorer la manière dont l'intelligence artificielle (IA) est discutée et perçue aujourd'hui, en se concentrant sur le contexte italien. Grâce à une analyse approfondie, nous cherchons à comprendre comment la population italienne perçoit l'IA et comment cette perception peut influencer les opinions et les décisions collectives. L'article identifie les limites actuelles de la compréhension et de l'acceptation de l'IA, en soulignant les craintes potentielles, les préoccupations éthiques et les résistances culturelles. Les divergences régionales et sectorielles dans la perception de l'IA sont également explorées, dans le but d'identifier les causes profondes de ces disparités. Parallèlement, on examine les progrès et les développements positifs que l'IA a permis d'accomplir en esquissant aussi les perspectives d'avenir de l'IA, en explorant les potentiels de développement, les défis à relever et les stratégies visant à améliorer la compréhension du public tout en promouvant une utilisation responsable et durable. En conclusion, l'article réfléchit au rôle des institutions et de la société civile dans l'élaboration de l'avenir de cette voie toute tracée, en soulignant l'importance d'un dialogue ouvert et d'une information accessible pour favoriser une coexistence harmonieuse entre les différentes parties prenantes dans ce domaine.

This study examines the interconnected phenomenon of disinformation and fake news and their relationship to the struggle for human rights. Through an interdisciplinary perspective, we explore the crucial role of the deliberate dissemination of false information in threatening and violating human rights globally. The focus is on how disinformation has become a subtle form of conflict, often circumventing traditional perceptions of war and confrontation. Our study reflects on developing effective strategies and mechanisms to counter disinformation. It suggests multidimensional approaches combining legislative, educational, and technological efforts to comprehensively address this emerging challenge.

Abstract
Before the start of the conflict in Ukraine in February 2022, Russia dedicated substantial resources to build a complex ecosystem of disinformation aimed at justifying the invasion of Ukraine as a legitimate and necessary decision. This disinformation manifested through an integrated approach involving various influence operations, including the corruption of agents and state officials, the use of financial projects such as RT and Sputnik, and the management of profit-driven economic operations through state-owned companies. The main objective of these operations was to influence public opinion in the involved countries, impact political processes, especially in democracies, and undermine the development of evidence-based policies, posing significant risks to international security and stability. The objective of this article is to examine the effects of disinformation in Italy with reference to its impact on public opinion. The research question focuses on the relationship between the different themes that constitute the complexity of disinformation about the war in Ukraine and the effect they have. The hypothesis to be tested is that fake news has a direct impact on the formation of public opinion, influencing the public discourse itself. For the purpose of the research, the frequency of recurring themes and their relational structure will be evaluated to determine if there are coherent disinformation narratives among them. Furthermore, key meta-narratives present in Italy will be highlighted, aiming to fuel a coherent system of beliefs. The expected results support the thesis that disinformation and fake news represent significant geopolitical tools in the struggle for power and status in the international community, through the projection of strategic narratives. Ultimately, this phenomenon highlights the centrality of disinformation in the management of international relations and its ability to influence global public discourse.