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The Mandragola is a microcosm of Machiavelli's thought. As a comedy, every detail is under Machiavelli's control, and there are no losers: private vices yield public benefits. All Machiavelli's characters are not equal in either the choice worthiness of their goals or abilities. Who is the hero of this comedy? Machiavelli's clues prompts exploring his allusions to classical and patristic sources but, most importantly, to Livy. Parallels in The Mandragola and Livy connect Nicia with the Roman founder, Brutus. In his ambitious goal, freedom from conventional shame, and consequent triumph over misfortune, Nicia emerges as exemplifying Machiavellian virtue. Adapted from the source document.

The author enjoys old movies, especially detective and mystery movies from the 1940s and 1950s: the actors are well dressed, the scripts are well written and clearly, effectively delivered, and there is always a discernible plot. The most startling event, he believes, comparing life depicted then with how it is now is the cultural transformation that has occurred in that passage of time, not only or chiefly in the cinema. In these dramas, everybody of adult years is enjoying a cigarette, and the sexuality is, well, conventional. He believes that he has personally lived through what Friedrich Nietzsche terms a 'transvaluation of values', and he is still at somewhat of a loss as to how to explain this transformation. Russian president Vladimir Putin is well known for his opposition to the importation of current American values and public policy -- especially, but not only, same-sex marriage. Adapted from the source document.

The second edition of Aquinas, On Law, Morality, and Politics retains the selection of texts presented in the first edition but offers them in new translations by Richard J. Regan-including that of his Aquinas, Treatise on Law (Hackett, 2000). A revised Introduction and glossary, an updated select bibliography, and the inclusion of summarizing headnotes for each of the units-Conscience, Law, Justice, Property, War and Killing, Obedience and Rebellion, and Practical Wisdom and Statecraft-further enhance its usefulness. From the reviews of the first edition:. "Perfect for presenting the core of