Suchergebnisse

Most research on consumer attitudes does not consider that attitudes are likely influenced by people with whom we have some relationship even though socioeconomic, psychological and political theories recognize the importance of referent individuals' opinions in attitude formation. Knowledge on the role of referent individuals' opinions in attitude formation could improve the understanding of consumer acceptance of foods frequently associated with health or other concerns. This article examines the association of attitudes towards genetically modified (GM) crops and foods between young adults and their referent individuals using data collected in 2016 via surveys from the Czech Republic, Russia and Ukraine. Loglinear models of cell counts in contingency tables reveal a positive association of GM food attitudes between young adults and their referent individuals. This association was stronger in Russia and the Czech Republic than it was in Ukraine and stronger between female young adults and their referent individuals than between males and their referent individuals. Concordance in GM food attitudes with mothers is significantly stronger than concordance with best friends but not significantly different from concordance with fathers.

AbstractAdoption of agroforestry in the early spring under the green growth initiative programs, such as the Billion Trees Afforestation Project, has positively impacted crop productivity and plantation success in Pakistan. However, the timely adoption decision of agroforestry in the Hindu Kush Himalayan is still low, particularly among smallholders. Using a mixed-method approach, we examine the factors influencing smallholder households and community-level timely agroforestry adoption decisions. Findings show that the early and later decision-makers farmers had agricultural lands on riversides and primarily adopted agroforestry to protect their crops from devastating effects of winds and floods. In contrast, late adoption decision-makers adopted agroforestry for income diversification. Results of our logit model show that several household and community-level factors influence smallholders' timely adoption of agroforestry. The factors that positively affect the timely adoption of agroforestry include age-related factors, education, and the establishment/existence of functional community-based organizations. In contrast, political conflicts and tenure insecurity negatively affect smallholders' timely adoption of agroforestry. In-depth interviews with Village Development Committees members revealed that terrace farming, farms on riversides, communities without access to other energy sources, population growth, and low farm acreage ensured the timely adoption of agroforestry. The policy recommendations include strengthening collaborative efforts among community members, especially engaging educated old-aged farmers (elders of traditional communities) to increase adoption rates and land tenure security to ensure timely agroforestry adoption under the newly launched 10-BTAP.

Data from online survey among young adults in the Czech Republic, Russian Federation and Ukraine. about attitudes towards genetically modified (GM) crops and foods. Survey was carried out in October and November 2016.
Respondents indicate their own and their close referent persons' (father's, mother's and best friend's) degree of general approval of GM foods, each on 5-point Likert-type response format.
Additional variables: country (CZ, RU, or UA), gender of respondent, frequency of hearing news on GM-related issues.

AbstractThis study aimed to measure the food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices among food vendors engaged in Nigeria's ongoing Home-grown School Feeding Program. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in face-to-face interviews with 240 food vendors from 3 states in northeast Nigeria involved in the school feeding program using a structured questionnaire. Multiple linear regression results revealed that increased education and access to information through radio, television, and food inspection institutions increased food safety knowledge. Food safety attitudes score increased with more years of vending experience and accessing food safety information via radio, food inspection institutions, and the Internet. An increase in household size and food safety information from friends and colleagues negatively affected food safety attitude scores. As a result, we emphasize the need for dissemination of improved food safety information via radio, television and food safety inspection institutes. Food vendors in the SFP should be selected after passing a food safety training and gaining food handling experience. Higher education should be a priority criterion in the hiring process.

Несмотря на ожидаемую нехватку пригодных для расширения сельскохозяйственного производства земель в мире, процессы забрасывания сельскохозяйственных земель широко распространены. Вовлечение в оборот некоторых неиспользуемых в настоящий момент сельскохозяйственных земель может способствовать раскрытию аграрного потенциала территорий. Однако в настоящее время детерминанты, влияющие на вовлечение в оборот заброшенных земель, изучены недостаточно. Для лучшего понимания поведенческих факторов среди сельхозпроизводителей, связанных с вовлечением в оборот заброшенных сельскохозяйственных земель, исследование было сфокусировано на одном из регионов России - Республике Бурятия, где процессы забрасывания сельскохозяйственных земель широко распространены, а практики сельскохозяйственного производства могут иметь региональную специфику. В рамках исследования в 2018 г. было проведено 149 очных интервью с сельскохозяйственными производителями в Республике Бурятия, по результатам которых заполнялись структурированные анкеты. Анкета включала сведения о социально-экономических характеристиках сельскохозяйственных производителей, вопросы о том, как опрашиваемые оценивали уровень коррупции как барьера, препятствующего вовлечению в оборот заброшенных земель, и каковы поведенческие намерения сельхозпроизводителей относительно сельскохозяйственного землепользования в ближайшие пять лет. Выраженное намерение сельхозпроизводителя использовать заброшенный земельный участок выступило в качестве целевой моделируемой переменной в байесовской сети, а климатические и социально-экономические переменные - в качестве факторов. Анализ показал, что одним из значимых барьеров, препятствующих вовлечению в оборот заброшенных земель, выступило субъективное восприятие коррупции, ассоциируемой с нечестным принципом распределения земель. Исследование также показало, что сельхозпроизводители, принадлежащие к группе коренного этнического населения, реже проявляли намерения по вовлечению в оборот заброшенных земель по сравнению с представителями некоренного этнического населения. Наиболее предпочтительными с точки зрения аграрного землепользования явились земельные участки, на которых уровень закустаренности и залесенности был выражен незначительно или закустаренность и залесенность отсутствовали. Полученные результаты создают основу для оценки региональной политики по регулированию сельскохозяйственного землепользования, которая должна быть направлена на повышение мотивации сельскохозяйственных производителей по вовлечению в оборот заброшенных сельскохозяйственных земель и сохранению при этом экосистемных услуг в регионах и странах, где проблема забрасывания земель стоит особенно остро, в частности в России. ; Despite the looming land scarcity suited for agricultural expansion, farmland abandonment is widespread globally. The recultivation of some abandoned farmlands could unlock the untapped agricultural potential. Yet, little is known about the determinants of recultivation. To better understand the behavioral intentions of farmers regarding the recultivation of abandoned lands, we concentrated on the Buryat Republic in Russia, where agricultural land abandonment is widespread and farmers with different ethnicities carry out diverse agricultural practices. We conducted 149 face-to-face interviews with the farmers in the Buryat Republic in 2018 and filled a structured questionnaire on farm's and farmers' socioeconomic characteristics, perceived corruption, and farmers' behavioral intentions regarding expected land use. We modeled the intention of recultivation with the Bayesian networks. The Bayesian networks analysis showed that perceived corruption was considered to be a barrier to recultivation. Our study also showed that non-Buryat ethnic and young farmers are more likely to recultivate abandoned land. Abandoned farmlands without or with a low degree of afforestation were preferred for recultivation. In sum, our study showed how behavioral aspects of political trust, the farm's and farmer's characteristics, in combination with regional and locational characteristics, may shape farmers' decisions on land use. The results provide an important ground to assess regional land-use policies, which should foster the recultivation of abandoned lands while preserving ecosystem services in the global hotspots of farmland abandonment, such as Russia.

Despite the looming land scarcity suited for agricultural expansion, farmland abandonment is widespread globally. The recultivation of some abandoned farmlands could unlock the untapped agricultural potential. Yet, little is known about the determinants of recultivation. To better understand the behavioral intentions of farmers regarding the recultivation of abandoned lands, we concentrated on the Buryat Republic in Russia, where agricultural land abandonment is widespread and farmers with different ethnicities carry out diverse agricultural practices. We conducted 149 face-to-face interviews with the farmers in the Buryat Republic in 2018 and filled a structured questionnaire on farm's and farmers' socioeconomic characteristics, perceived corruption, and farmers' behavioral intentions regarding expected land use. We modeled the intention of recultivation with the Bayesian networks. The Bayesian networks analysis showed that perceived corruption was considered to be a barrier to recultivation. Our study also showed that non-Buryat ethnic and young farmers are more likely to recultivate abandoned land. Abandoned farmlands without or with a low degree of afforestation were preferred for recultivation. In sum, our study showed how behavioral aspects of political trust, the farm's and farmer's characteristics, in combination with regional and locational characteristics, may shape farmers' decisions on land use. The results provide an important ground to assess regional land-use policies, which should foster the recultivation of abandoned lands while preserving ecosystem services in the global hotspots of farmland abandonment, such as Russia.