Suchergebnisse

"In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, in welchem Ausmaß die Arbeitsmärkte für Männer und Frauen in eine einzelne Einheit integriert werden. Diese Untersuchung erfolgt im spezifischen Kontext der Kohlefelder von England und Wales, bei denen die größten Arbeitsplatzverluste in der Kohleindustrie fast ausschließlich Männer betrafen. Anhand von Daten aus dem Zeitraum von 1981 bis 2008 werden für die Kohlefelder 'Arbeitsmarktbücher' vorgestellt, die eine veränderliche weibliche Beteiligung an der Erwerbsbevölkerung und Beschäftigung verdeutlichen, und die Trends werden mit denen unter Männern an denselben Orten verglichen. Es ergeben sich Anzeichen für zwei relativ unabhängige Arbeitsmärkte - männlich und weiblich -, die in den Achtzigerjahren im selben geografischen Raum tätig sind. Allerdings scheint im Laufe der Zeit ein gewisses Maß von Integration stattgefunden zu haben. Frauen müssen daher zunehmend mit Männern um dieselben Arbeitsplätze konkurrieren, und ein größerer Anteil von neuen Stellenangeboten in den früheren Kohlefeldern geht jetzt an Männer." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Welfare reform has been central to UK government policy since 2010. This article compares initial expectations with key outcomes by 2016. The article shows that although the financial savings to the Treasury have been large, they have been rather less than the government first anticipated, mainly because the reduction in spending on incapacity‐related benefits has proved far smaller than expected. The financial losses have also been spread highly unevenly across the country, and the evidence from a pilot study in Scotland suggests that the reforms have had little impact on levels of worklessness. The article concludes that whilst forecasting the financial savings from welfare reform is an inherently uncertain activity, the United Kingdom's reforms should be understood first and foremost as about reducing public spending in the poorest places.

AbstractWelfare reform has been central to UK government policy since 2010. This article compares initial expectations with key outcomes by 2016. The article shows that although the financial savings to the Treasury have been large, they have been rather less than the government first anticipated, mainly because the reduction in spending on incapacity‐related benefits has proved far smaller than expected. The financial losses have also been spread highly unevenly across the country, and the evidence from a pilot study in Scotland suggests that the reforms have had little impact on levels of worklessness. The article concludes that whilst forecasting the financial savings from welfare reform is an inherently uncertain activity, the United Kingdom's reforms should be understood first and foremost as about reducing public spending in the poorest places.

It is important to take a long view of many economic problems. This paper explains how the large-scale loss of industrial jobs in parts of Britain during the 1980s and 1990s still inflates the contemporary budget deficit in the UK. Drawing on the findings of several empirical studies by the authors, it shows that although there has been progress in regeneration the consequences of job loss in Britain's older industrial areas have been near-permanently higher levels of worklessness, especially on incapacity benefits, low pay, and a major claim on present-day public finances to pay for both in-work and out-of-work benefits. Furthermore, as the UK government implements reductions in welfare spending the poorest places are being hit hardest. In effect, communities in older industrial Britain now face punishment in the form of welfare cuts for the destruction previously wrought to their industrial base.

AbstractThis article takes a long‐view of the huge rise in disability claimant numbers in the UK since the early 1980s and looks ahead to the trends that can now be expected to emerge in an era of fiscal austerity and welfare reform. The article's central thesis is that disability numbers are best understood as part of a triangular relationship between levels of employment, unemployment and sickness. In particular, the big decline of industrial employment in many places has often resulted in large‐scale 'hidden unemployment' on disability benefits, especially among low‐skilled workers. Looking ahead, the UK's welfare reforms are set to reduce disability claimant numbers but principally by restricting access to Employment and Support Allowance, the new disability benefit. The main effect will be to divert substantial numbers of men and women with ill health or disability onto unemployment benefits instead or, more often, out of the benefits system altogether.

"Die Debatte über das Ausmaß verborgener Erwerbslosigkeit ist wesentlich für ein Verständnis des gegenwärtigen Arbeitsmarktes im Vereinigten Königreich. Dieser Aufsatz liefert eine ins Einzelne gehende Fallstudie eines Gebietes - Barrow-in-Furness -, wo bedeutende Stellenverluste in der Industrie mit einer Abnahme der Anträge auf Arbeitslosenunterstützung einhergehen. Gestützt auf aggregierte Statistiken und Beweismaterial neuer Untersuchungen wird der Standpunkt vertreten, dass diese Tendenzen weit verbreitete, verborgene Erwerbslosigkeit verdecken, besonders bei Männern, die Unterstützung in Form von Krankengeld beziehen. Es wurden auch Vergleiche mit Gebieten angestellt, für die ähnliche Gutachten erstellt wurden." (Autorenreferat)