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This book delves into the doctrine of separate spheres within the history of economic thought. The concept of separate spheres emerged in philosophy and has consistently been incorporated by various disciplines. This book stands as the first comprehensive exploration of how this doctrine was embraced, adapted, and contested by economists engaged in gender issues and marriage theory. Spanning the late eighteenth to the early twentieth century, it illuminates the evolution of the drive for gender equality -- rooted primarily in the tradition of classical liberalism -- across the landscape of economic ideas and theories. This book is a valuable resource for scholars and researchers interested in the intricate history of the interconnections among between economic thought, feminism, gender studies, and cultural studies

Karl Menger (1902-1985) was the mathematician son of the famous economist Carl Menger. He was professor of geometry at the University of Vienna from 1927 to 1938. During that period, which was crucial from an historical and philosophical point of view, he joined the Vienna Circle and founded his Mathematical Colloquium. The present volume of Advances in Austrian Economics offers the transcription of those unpublished parts of Menger's notes written between 1923-1938. It is hoped that these notes, together with the editor's contextual explanations, provide a subtext to Menger's biography during this influential period

Abstract
During the interwar period, Austrian school economists played a fundamental role in establishing marginalism as a central principle of economics. In those years, the role of Mises in Vienna was especially pivotal in building up economics as a science based on the notion of subjective utility within a free institutional framework. As is well known, Mises was surrounded by several colleagues and students who were members of his intellectual circle (Mises's Kreis). This paper sheds some light on the theoretical contribution of Martha Stephanie (Steffy) Braun (Browne), a neglected Austrian economist in Mises's circle. Embedded in the Viennese cultural milieu of the time and trained as an Austrian school economist, Braun originally helped develop, and sometimes anticipated, some pivotal aspects of the economic theory of the Austrian school. Her focus was mainly on monetary issues, the nature of economic policy, and economic education, especially for women.

This article deals with the contents of the second edition of Carl Menger's Principles of Economics (1923), which was neither reprinted in German by Hayek in 1934 nor translated into English by Knight in 1950. My aim is to show that a new Mengerian economic agent can be found in the contents of chapter 1, where Menger dealt with social needs and social goods. I consider this specific contribution of Menger a natural development of his methodological research on the nature of institutions. Finally, I contextualize the story of the missed reprint and translation in the debate about the meaning of economics involving Hayek and Robbins at the LSE and Knight in Chicago.

Introduction: the counter-revolution of neoliberalism -- Foucault and beyond -- The building of economics as a science -- The building of individuals as rational agents -- Turning the world into a firm -- Postscript: a new ethics for a new liberalism? -- Index