Suchergebnisse

Klappentext: Seit Jahrzehnten wissen wir um die Erderwärmung und ihre Gefährlichkeit. Dennoch nehmen die globalen Treibhausgasemissionen weiter zu. Offenbar gelingt es uns nicht, den Klimawandel zu stoppen. Wie lässt sich dieses Versagen erklären? Warum reagieren Gesellschaften so zögerlich auf diese Bedrohung? In seinem neuen Buch gibt Jens Beckert eine Antwort. Dass die erforderlichen Maßnahmen nicht ergriffen werden, liegt an der Beschaffenheit der Macht- und Anreizstrukturen für Unternehmen, Politiker, Wähler und Konsumenten. Die bittere Wahrheit ist: Wir verkaufen unsere Zukunft für die nächsten Quartalszahlen, das kommende Wahlergebnis und das heutige Vergnügen. Anhand von zahlreichen Beispielen und mit sozialwissenschaftlichem Besteck zeigt Beckert, warum es sich beim Klimawandel um ein "tückisches" Problem handelt, an dem die sich seit 500 Jahren entwickelnde kapitalistische Moderne aufgrund ihrer institutionellen und kulturellen Strukturen fast zwangsläufig scheitern muss. Die Temperaturen werden also weiter steigen, die sozialen und politischen Auseinandersetzungen werden sich verschärfen. Anpassungsfähigkeit, Resilienz und vor allem solidarisches Handeln sind gefragt. Daraus ergeben sich Aufgaben für eine realistische Klimapolitik. "Er analysiert die Situation als Soziologe und nicht als Naturwissenschaftler, geht in seiner Studie darüber hinaus, wie die Medien das Thema erörtern. Überzeugend entwirrt dieses Buch auch wirtschaftliche und politische Zusammenhänge und erklärt, weshalb allen Erkenntnissen zum Trotz der Katastrophe bislang nicht erfolgreich begegnet wurde. Und: Jens Beckert liefert Ideen, wie die Gesellschaft die Kurve kriegen könnte" (Nominiert für den Preis der Leipziger Buchmesse 2024 in der Kategorie Sachbuch)

"Imagined Futures offers a new explanation for the dynamics of modern capitalism and the restlessness of our economy, based on our temporal orientation. Building on a historical account of how competition and the credit system have forced actors to orient their decisions towards a future that is portrayed and perceived as offering both limitless opportunities and immeasurable risks, Beckert shows how the uncertainty inherent in the future pressures actors to form expectations of distinct outcomes and prevents them from calculating optimal decisions. But how do actors make decisions in a world that contains such fundamental uncertainty? Beckert argues that decisions in the economy are based on imaginaries of the future, which he calls fictional expectations, which allow us to act as if we know the future, providing the reassurance needed to embrace endeavors whose outcomes are unknowable. Beckert shows how these fictional expectations are the underlying force that propels the economy, from investments and the operation of the monetary system to innovations and the purchase of new consumer goods, and how economic crises ensue when these fictional expectations collapse. With its focus on the role of expectations in the economy, Imagined Futures addresses the central macro-level question in the history of the social sciences: What are the sources of the epic growth and repeated crises in modern capitalism?"--Provided by publisher

"Imagined Futures offers a new explanation for the dynamics of modern capitalism and the restlessness of our economy, based on our temporal orientation. Building on a historical account of how competition and the credit system have forced actors to orient their decisions towards a future that is portrayed and perceived as offering both limitless opportunities and immeasurable risks, Beckert shows how the uncertainty inherent in the future pressures actors to form expectations of distinct outcomes and prevents them from calculating optimal decisions. But how do actors make decisions in a world that contains such fundamental uncertainty? Beckert argues that decisions in the economy are based on imaginaries of the future, which he calls fictional expectations, which allow us to act as if we know the future, providing the reassurance needed to embrace endeavors whose outcomes are unknowable. Beckert shows how these fictional expectations are the underlying force that propels the economy, from investments and the operation of the monetary system to innovations and the purchase of new consumer goods, and how economic crises ensue when these fictional expectations collapse. With its focus on the role of expectations in the economy, Imagined Futures addresses the central macro-level question in the history of the social sciences: What are the sources of the epic growth and repeated crises in modern capitalism?"--Provided by publisher

Understanding the valuation of goods in markets has become one of the key topics in economic sociology in recent years. Especially in markets for goods that are valued for their aesthetic qualities, the ascription of value appears to be a complex social process because product quality is highly uncertain. The wine market is an extraordinary example because most consumers and even experts are not able to differentiate between wines based on objective sensory characteristics and cannot rank wines in blind tastings according to their price. Our premise is that assessed quality differences cannot be explained by the sensual qualities of the wine. Instead, we explain variations in valuation by social processes in which quality is constructed and contested. To do so we make use of Bourdieu's field theoretical perspective, which is strongly supported in our empirical analysis of the German wine field. It shows that his model of the structure of fields has considerable power in explaining price differentiation between wineries and that the orientation of consumers towards different segments of the field is based on class hierarchy.

Political economy and economic sociology have developed in relative isolation from each other. While political economy focuses largely on macrophenomena, economic sociology focuses on the level of social interaction in the economy. The paper argues that economic sociology can provide a microfoundation of political economy beyond rational actor theory and behavioral economics. Based on a discussion of what I call the four Cs of capitalism (credit, commodification, creativity, and competition), I argue that macroeconomic outcomes depend on the "contingent expectations" actors have in decision situations. Expectations are based on the indeterminate and therefore contingent interpretation of the situations actors face. This shifts attention to the "management of expectations" as a crucial element of economic activity and to the institutional, political, and cultural foundations of expectations. The dynamics of capitalist development are precarious because they hinge on the creation of expectations conducive to economic growth.

Starting from the assumption that decision situations in economic contexts are characterized by fundamental uncertainty, the paper argues that the decision-making of intentionally rational actors is anchored in fictions. "Fictionality" in economic action is the inhabitation in the mind of an imagined future state of the world and the beliefs in causal mechanisms leading to this future state. Actors are motivated in their actions by the imagined future and organize their activities based on these mental representations. Since these representations are not confined to empirical reality, fictionality is also a source of creativity in the economy. Fictionality opens up a way to an understanding of the microfoundations of the dynamics of the economy. The paper develops the notion of fictional expectations and applies it to investments, consumption and money. The last part relates the notion of fiction to calculation and social macrostructures as two other devices of decision-making and hints at the relevance of fictionality for the macrodynamics of capitalism.

The article provides an overview of the state of the art of sociological research on price formation. The dominant trait of the sociological approach to prices is to understand price formation not as the outcome of individual preferences but as the result of the social and political forces operating within the market field. The article proceeds from the concept of market fields and is organized around the three dominant approaches in economic sociology: the network approach, the institutional approach, and the cultural approach.

What do we value? For markets to operate and for economies to grow, producers must attract purchasers to the products they offer. In advanced capitalist economies, market saturation and decline of demand are constant threats to markets. But how do we understand why actors desire the things whose value they reveal in the purchase? In this article I distinguish between three types of value: Physical value, positional value and imaginative value. Based on Durkheim's sociology of religion, I argue that imaginative value emerges from the imaginative connections made between goods and socially rooted values, as well as the aesthetic ideals held by the purchaser. The article explores how the connection between objects and their symbolic meaning is created and maintained, and why the symbolic valuation of objects changes. By arguing that the imaginative value of goods is closely linked to social values, I suggest that consumption is not the expression of a hedonistic individualism but inherently connected to the social and moral order of society. Durkheim's sociology of religion is thus read as a sociology of valuation.

The regulation of the transfer of property mortis causa has been a major concern of social reformers since the Enlightenment. Today, by contrast, the issue of the bequest of wealth from generation to generation stirs hardly any political controversy. Since the mid-twentieth century the topic has lost much of its earlier significance in public debates. In this working paper I show that over the last forty years we can observe a backlash in key areas of inheritance law which breaks the Enlightenment's promise to distribute wealth in society based on individual achievement rather than ascriptive criteria. Hence the question: "Are we still modern?".