Suchergebnisse

A theological-ethical judgement of illegal immigration The immigration of people is a growing global phenomenon. People immigrate to South Africa mainly for economic purposes. Not all immigrants are,however, legally in the country. It is not certain how many illegal immigrants are in the country. The South African government does not have a clear, effective policy on how to solve the problem of illegal immigration. In this article the influence of illegal immigration on the South African labour sphereis analysed. The aim of the article is to give guidance from the Bible to role players on how their disposition should be concerning the problem of illegal immigrant workers. In the article the extent and causes of illegal immigration are investigated. Thisis followed byprobing into the effects of illegal immigration on the South African labour sphere and the action taken by the authorities to solve the problem. The influence of illegal immigration on labour in South Africa is judged according to biblical principals. In the assess-ment guidance is given as to what the disposition of different role players should be concerning the set problem. ; 'n Teologies-etiese beoordeling van onwettige immigrasie Immigrasie van mense is 'n wêreldwye toenemende verskynsel. Mense immigreer hoofsaaklik om ekonomiese redes na Suid-Afrika. Nie alle immigrante is egter wettig in die land nie. Dit is nie duidelik hoeveel onwettige immigrante in Suid-Afrika is nie. Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering het geen duidelike, doeltreffende beleid oor hoe om die probleem van onwettige immigrante op te los nie. In hierdie artikel word die invloed van onwettige immigrasie op die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsterrein ondersoek. Die doel van die studie is om aan rolspelers vanuit die Bybel leiding te gee oor hoe hulle ingesteldheid teenoor die probleem van onwettige immigrantwerkers behoort te wees. In die artikel word die omvang en oorsake van onwettige immigrasie ondersoek. Daarna val die soeklig op die gevolge van onwettige immigrasie op die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsterrein en die optrede van die owerheid om die probleem hok te slaan. Dit word gevolg deur die bestudering van 'n aantal tersaaklike bybelse uitsprake. Die invloed van onwettige immigrasie op die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsterrein word in die lig van die bybelse uitsprake beoordeel. In die beoordeling word leiding aan verskillende rolspelers gegee oor hoe hulle ingesteldheid teenoor die gestelde problem behoort te wees. ; http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ids.v44i3&4.166

In recent years the South African legislature has made a very bold attempt to improve the socio-economic conditions of citizens. Amongst others, the Social Assistance Act 59 of 1992 provides for monthly payments to citizens under certain prescribed conditions. In situations where other legislation does not provide a remedy for those unable to care for themselves the Constitution provides for justiciable socio-economic rights. Unfortunately legislative rights alone have proved insufficient and all too frequently the constitutional values and aspirations of human dignity and equality have had a 'hollow ring'. The most obvious reason for this failure of delivery on the part of the government is of course a shortage of financial resources. Another reason has been a simple disregard for the terms of legislation and court orders by organs of the state and state employees. The authors are of the view that in order to avoid such a dire result, the courts, given their broadly framed constitutional powers, should be adventurous in crafting means to ensure that their orders are properly implemented and adhered to. This article explores the role that courts can play in ensuring proper implementation of both the terms of social security legislation as well as the implementation of court orders with reference to well-fare judgments in the Eastern-Cape.

Imaging biomarkers (IBs) are integral to the routine management of patients with cancer. IBs used daily in oncology include clinical TNM stage, objective response and left ventricular ejection fraction. Other CT, MRI, PET and ultrasonography biomarkers are used extensively in cancer research and drug development. New IBs need to be established either as useful tools for testing research hypotheses in clinical trials and research studies, or as clinical decision-making tools for use in healthcare, by crossing 'translational gaps' through validation and qualification. Important differences exist between IBs and biospecimen-derived biomarkers and, therefore, the development of IBs requires a tailored 'roadmap'. Recognizing this need, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) assembled experts to review, debate and summarize the challenges of IB validation and qualification. This consensus group has produced 14 key recommendations for accelerating the clinical translation of IBs, which highlight the role of parallel (rather than sequential) tracks of technical (assay) validation, biological/clinical validation and assessment of cost-effectiveness; the need for IB standardization and accreditation systems; the need to continually revisit IB precision; an alternative framework for biological/clinical validation of IBs; and the essential requirements for multicentre studies to qualify IBs for clinical use. ; Development of this roadmap received support from Cancer Research UK and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant references A/15267, A/16463, A/16464, A/16465, A/16466 and A/18097), the EORTC Cancer Research Fund, and the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (grant agreement number 115151), resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) companies' in kind contribution.

Imaging biomarkers (IBs) are integral to the routine management of patients with cancer. IBs used daily in oncology include clinical TNM stage, objective response and left ventricular ejection fraction. Other CT, MRI, PET and ultrasonography biomarkers are used extensively in cancer research and drug development. New IBs need to be established either as useful tools for testing research hypotheses in clinical trials and research studies, or as clinical decision-making tools for use in healthcare, by crossing 'translational gaps' through validation and qualification. Important differences exist between IBs and biospecimen-derived biomarkers and, therefore, the development of IBs requires a tailored 'roadmap'. Recognizing this need, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) assembled experts to review, debate and summarize the challenges of IB validation and qualification. This consensus group has produced 14 key recommendations for accelerating the clinical translation of IBs, which highlight the role of parallel (rather than sequential) tracks of technical (assay) validation, biological/clinical validation and assessment of cost-effectiveness; the need for IB standardization and accreditation systems; the need to continually revisit IB precision; an alternative framework for biological/clinical validation of IBs; and the essential requirements for multicentre studies to qualify IBs for clinical use. ; Development of this roadmap received support from Cancer Research UK and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant references A/15267, A/16463, A/16464, A/16465, A/16466 and A/18097), the EORTC Cancer Research Fund, and the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (grant agreement number 115151), resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) companies' in kind contribution. ; Peer-reviewed ; Publisher Version