Suchergebnisse

This cumulative dissertation consists of three essays. The first essays with the title ''The Labor Market Effect of Opening the Border: Evidence from Switzerland'' analyses the effect of opening the labor market for workers from the European Union in Switzerland after 1999. We exploit that this opening followed two different schedules for two different parts of the country. We find that the abolition of immigration restrictions increased the share of new immigrants by four percentage points and had no effect on wages and hours worked of natives in the aggregate but important heterogeneous effects on skill groups. The second essay with the title ''Which Factors Drive the Skill-Mix of Immigrants in the Long-Run?'' investigates, why newly arriving immigrants in developed countries have become increasingly highly educated. Using evidence from Switzerland between 1980 and 2010, we find that the improvement in the educational attainment in the origin countries of immigrants and the polarization of skill demand in the destinations are the two dominant factors explaining together the long-run changes in the skill-mix of newly arriving immigrants. In the third essays with the title ''Demand Forces of Technical Change'' we ask whether and to which extent the rising Chinese middle class fuels growth and innovation in the manufacturing sector in China. We exploit the fact, that consumers reshuffle their consumption bundle to more luxurious goods as they become richer, to construct measures of (expected) market size for different durable goods. We find the changes in market size of a durable goods, driven by the raise of the middle class, indeed drives productivity in the manufacturing sector producing this durable good.

Tracing transformations in the way that humanitarian organizations respond to insecurity in the field, this article examines the bureaucratization and professionalization of security in relation to intraorganizational struggles between humanitarian professionals. Whereas some advocate for the triumph of remoteness and bunkerization as organizing principles of humanitarian action, others challenge the imposition of security as a humanitarian logic of practice through acts of nonconformity. These tensions are illustrative of professional struggles over how to do and think humanitarian action. In articulating a sociological and transversal reading, this article points to the heterogeneity and divisions structuring the humanitarian space. To provide empirical insights into the bureaucratic work practices of headquarters professionals and the everyday practices of frontline humanitarian professionals, this article draws upon an analysis of humanitarian security manuals, interviews with humanitarian professionals, and field observations in Port-au-Prince. The article sheds light on the development of the humanitarian profession and on the novelty of the work practices of humanitarian security professionals, while contributing to debates on bunkerization and the literature on transnational professionals.

Tausende von Menschen sind tagtäglich auf der Flucht und suchen in einem anderen Land Schutz in Form von Asyl. Lehnt das entsprechende Land den Asylantrag der schutzsuchenden Person ab, folgt eine Wegweisung zurück ins Herkunftsland. Diese Ausschaffung kann jedoch von den Behörden nicht immer ausgeführt werden. Einige wollen nicht gehen, andere können nicht gehen. Abgewiesene Tibeter* innen, die lange als «Vorzeigeflüchtlinge» und gut integrierte Migrant*innen in der Schweiz galten, tangiert Letzteres. Gemäss den Behörden kooperieren sie bei der Offenlegung ihrer Identität nicht und erhalten deshalb keine Aufenthaltsberechtigung. Zugleich können sie weder weggewiesen werden noch selbstständig ausreisen. So landen sie in der Sackgasse der Nothilfe und werden zu Langzeit-Nothilfebeziehenden. Die prekäre Gestaltung der Nothilfe, weit weg von sämtlichen Menschenrechten, soll abgewiesene Asylsuchende zur Ausreise bewegen und ist ganz klar nicht für einen Langzeitaufenthalt konzipiert. Dennoch sitzen heute in der Schweiz, neben Tausenden anderen, knapp 300 Tibeter* innen in den Strukturen der Langzeit-Nothilfe fest; sie dürfen nicht hier sein, können aber auch nicht gehen. In der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit wurde die Problematik der Tibeter*innen in der Langzeit-Nothilfe anhand der Theorie der Intersektionalität auf ihre Entstehungsgeschichte und Auswirkung analysiert. Anhand der Erkenntnisse aus der intersektionalen Analyse und den Expert*inneninterviews wurden bestimmte Handlungsfelder, Handlungsmethoden und Arbeitsprinzipien für die Professionellen der Soziokulturellen Animation ausgearbeitet. Ein kreierter Handlungsvorschlag zeigt auf, wie eine Regularisierungsaktion auf politischer Ebene angestrebt werden muss. ; + Code Diss LU: hslusa bask be + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Soziokultur, 2022 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202203

A pervasive, yet little acknowledged feature of international migration to developed countries is that newly arriving immigrants are increasingly highly skilled since the 1980s. This paper analyses the determinants of changes in the skill composition of immigrants using a framework suggested by Grogger & Hanson (2011). We focus on Switzerland, which continuously showed very high immigration rates and dramatic changes in the skill composition of immigrants. In addition, the recent integration of Switzerland into the European labour market in 2002 serves as a policy experiment which allows analysing the influence of a reduction on immigration restrictions on immigrants from European countries in comparison to those from other countries. Our findings suggest that changes of education supply in origin countries and shifts to the relative demand for education groups stand out as the two most important drivers. Yet, while supply alone predicts only a modest increase in the case of highly educated workers and a large increase of middle educated workers, one particular demand channel, the polarisation of labour demand induced by the adoption of computer capital, is crucial to explain the sharp increase in highly educated workers and the mere stabilisation of the share of middle educated immigrant workers. The abolition of quotas for EU residents played a smaller role, yet may have slightly reduced the high skill share among immigrants relative to immigrants from other countries.

A pervasive, yet little acknowledged feature of international migration to developed countries is that newly arriving immigrants are increasingly highly skilled since the 1980s. This paper analyses the determinants of changes in the skill composition of immigrants using a framework suggested by Grogger & Hanson (2011). We focus on Switzerland, which continuously showed very high immigration rates and dramatic changes in the skill composition of immigrants. In addition, the recent integration of Switzerland into the European labour market in 2002 serves as a policy experiment which allows analysing the influence of a reduction on immigration restrictions on immigrants from European countries in comparison to those from other countries. Our findings suggest that changes of education supply in origin countries and shifts to the relative demand for education groups stand out as the two most important drivers. Yet, while supply alone predicts only a modest increase in the case of highly educated workers and a large increase of middle educated workers, one particular demand channel, the polarisation of labour demand induced by the adoption of computer capital, is crucial to explain the sharp increase in highly educated workers and the mere stabilisation of the share of middle educated immigrant workers. The abolition of quotas for EU residents played a smaller role, yet may have slightly reduced the high skill share among immigrants relative to immigrants from other countries.

A pervasive, yet little acknowledged feature of international migration to developed countries is that newly arriving immigrants are increasingly highly skilled since the 1980s. This paper analyses the determinants of changes in the skill composition of immigrants using a framework suggested by Grogger & Hanson (2011). We focus on Switzerland, which continuously showed very high immigration rates and dramatic changes in the skill composition of immigrants. In addition, the recent integration of Switzerland into the European labour market in 2002 serves as a policy experiment which allows analysing the influence of a reduction on immigration restrictions on immigrants from European countries in comparison to those from other countries. Our findings suggest that changes of education supply in origin countries and shifts to the relative demand for education groups stand out as the two most important drivers. Yet, while supply alone predicts only a modest increase in the case of highly educated workers and a large increase of middle educated workers, one particular demand channel, the polarisation of labour demand induced by the adoption of computer capital, is crucial to explain the sharp increase in highly educated workers and the mere stabilisation of the share of middle educated immigrant workers. The abolition of quotas for EU residents played a smaller role, yet may have slightly reduced the high skill share among immigrants relative to immigrants from other countries.

S'appuyant principalement sur les éditions 2000 et 2010 du GPR 8, ce chapitre propose une description du contenu et des recommandations des guides de bonnes pratiques sur la sécurité humanitaire. Il aborde les questions suivantes :comment ces guides justifient-ils la nécessité de professionnaliser et d'institutionnaliser la gestion de sécurité ? Quelles sont leurs définitions de la sécurité et des bonnes pratiques censées la garantir ? Quels dispositifs proposent-ils de mettre en place ? Dans un second temps, ce chapitre met en lumière certaines des hypothèses et des présupposés normatifs véhiculés par ces manuels dits « techniques ».