Suchergebnisse

This volume presents new developments in non-tariff measure (NTM) policy analysis by leading authors in the field; from conceptual developments and methodology improvements, to a series of innovative cases studies. A novel policy research agenda underlies the book recognizing that some NTMs are required to sustain market exchange. The investigations address the welfare and trade impacts of standard-like NTMs in presence of market imperfections, their measurements, potential protectionism, and implications for North-South trade and income prospects in developing countries, including for small holders. Several analyses address the potential trade-cost effects of these NTMs through their lack of transparency, their heterogeneity across countries, and constraints to harmonize them and gains from harmonization. Several analyses investigate trade within OECD countries, including looking at export decisions by heterogeneous firms and the effect of harmonization of standards on firm productivity, and exploring the export-enhancing effect of a countrys own stringency in standards. Practical policy implications are drawn.

This volume presents new developments in non-tariff measure (NTM) policy analysis by leading authors in the field; from conceptual developments and methodology improvements, to a series of innovative cases studies. A novel policy research agenda underlies the book recognizing that some NTMs are required to sustain market exchange. The investigations address the welfare and trade impacts of standard-like NTMs in presence of market imperfections, their measurements, potential protectionism, and implications for North-South trade and income prospects in developing countries, including for small holders. Several analyses address the potential trade-cost effects of these NTMs through their lack of transparency, their heterogeneity across countries, and constraints to harmonize them and gains from harmonization. Several analyses investigate trade within OECD countries, including looking at export decisions by heterogeneous firms and the effect of harmonization of standards on firm productivity, and exploring the export-enhancing effect of a countrys own stringency in standards. Practical policy implications are drawn.

AbstractWe examine the recent evolution of salient trade costs in agricultural and food markets, and changes in their composition. We review ways to measure costs and provide guidance with policy prescriptions to reduce them. We pay attention to transportation costs, border measures, and standard‐like nontariff measures. By pointing out limitations in current approaches and recent developments, we aim to improve our understanding of their effects and derive clearer prescriptions. We suggest promising directions for further research and investigation of agricultural trade costs, including on the emerging debate on gene editing and trade, transportation costs, and mainstreaming recent advances in analyzing nontariff measures.

We analyze the various welfare costs, transfers, trade, and employment consequences of the current U.S. sugar program for U.S. consumers, other sugar users, sugar refiners, cane and beet growing and processing industries, other associated agricultural sectors, and world markets. The removal of the sugar program would increase U.S. consumers' welfare by $2.9 to $3.5 billion each year and generate a modest job creation of 17,000 to 20,000 new jobs in food manufacturing and related industries. Imports of sugar containing products would fall dramatically, especially confectioneries substituting for domestic inputs under the sugar program. Sugar imports would rise substantially to 5–6 million short tons raw sugar equivalent. World sugar price increases would be minor, equivalent to about 1 cent per pound.

Enlargement, structural change, cap reform, and trade liberalization in European agriculture / Frank H. Fuller and John C. Beghin -- Agricultural productivity growth in the European Union and transition countries / Supawat Rungsuriyawiboon and Alexej Lissitsa -- European integration, reforms, and governance of food supply chains in Eastern Europe / Johan F.M. Swinnen -- Differentiated food quality standards and industry structure in the enlarged EU: The Polish meat sector / Marie-Luise Rau and Frank van Tongeren -- The impact of the European enlargement and CAP reforms on agricultural markets / Jacinto F. Fabiosa ... [et al.] -- The 2003 mid-term review of the common agricultural policy: A computable general equilibrium analysis for Ireland / Janine Dixon and Alan Matthews -- Policy implications of the decoupling of the Eu cotton subsidies / Manuel Arriaza and José A. Gomez-Limon -- Preferences erosion and trade costs in the sugar market: The impact of the everything but arms initiative and the reform of the EU policy / Piero Conforti and George Rapsomanikis

This volume provides a fresh and non-dogmatic examination of the emergence on nontariff measures (NTMs) and their impact on international trade and welfare, questioning the traditional premise that most NTMs are protectionist and reduce trade and welfare.