Suchergebnisse

Agricultural credit is the most significant factor in the Indian agricultural sector. The paper discusses the access of institutional credit to agriculture, and helps understand the challenges faced by the tribal farmers to obtain agricultural credit, and the determinants of institutional agricultural credit at households' (HHs) level in the backward region of Odi:sha. The study used primary data collected from 475 farm tribal HHs of Kalahandi, Bolangiri and Koraput (KBK) districts in Odisha. The study found that increasing agricultural credit is greater in indirect finance than direct finance; in the same manner, a greater amount of credit is disbursed for the short term than the long term. Collateral issues, less awareness due to less education among farmers, low density of financial institutions in village areas, lack of finance as per demand, diversifying the loans from productive purpose to consumption purpose, and non-repayment of loan due to crop loss are different constraints faced by the farmers in Odisha.

Neoliberal policies have put farmers in a greater situation of vulnerability. Tribal farmers are among the most neglected in policymaking as well as in the larger capitalist framework of development. Watershed development might play a transformative role in reducing the burden of tribal farmers in Odisha. However, it is yet to gain traction in policymaking circles. Increasing the level of production and productivity are two major dimensions of watershed development, along with the conservation of land and water resources. This study is an attempt to examine the impact of watershed development on the shift toward productivity and income-enhancing cropping patterns. We have collected data among 160 farmers from four watershed development areas of Koraput and Mayurbhanj districts of Odisha, where the tribal population is a significant portion of the overall demographic composition, using a multistage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and paired t-test have been used in the study as statistical tools.

Migration is a bigger option for earning and livelihood in Odisha either for push factors or pull factors, for which people move to other states in search of work and better wages. But COVID-19 emerged as a crippling blow for which huge reverse migration is being noticed in the state. So the study tried to investigate labour supply and employment opportunity in rural areas due to COVID-19-led reverse migration and to examine the impact of COVID-19 on employment status, income profile and livelihood of returned migrants in Odisha. The study also discusses the possible measures to create alternative livelihood by rebuilding the rural economy after COVID-19. Both secondary and primary data are used in the study. Descriptive statistics and regression model are used in the study to examine the vulnerability of migrants during the period of COVID-19. The study found a sudden rise in labour supply with a huge scale is catch sight of the rural economy of Odisha. Job loss is the biggest problem faced by migrants followed by income loss. The study found that income of migrants, household income excluding migrants and nature of work have significant impact on the vulnerability of migrants. JEL Classification Codes: J21, J22, J46