Suchergebnisse

Tijekom lipnja i srpnja 2018. godine provedeno je arheološko istraživanje na lokalitetu Pakrac – Stari grad u samome centru grada Pakraca. Istraživanja su bila usredotočena na lani pronađeni objekt u sondi 1 – ostatke gotičke ivanovačke kapele. Potvrđeno je da raspolažemo s ostacima najmanje dviju njenih faza gradnje. U prvoj fazi, koja se prema značajkama arhitekture datira u 13. stoljeće, kapela je građena od fino obrađenih klesanaca, zidovi su bili ojačani potpornjacima s vanjske i lezenama s unutarnje strane. U jugozapadnome kutu iz kapele se ulazilo u vretenasto stubište. Istočni, zaključni zid kapele nalazi se još uvijek izvan sonde, tako da njen potpuni tlocrt još nije poznat. Sačuvani su i drugi interesantni detalji, primjerice utori za zasune kojima su se osiguravala vrata glavnoga ulaza u kapelu te ona prema stubištu, kao i baze polustupova prislonjenih uz lezene. Druga sigurna graditeljska faza kapele najbolje se reprezentira otkrivenim bazama portala koji su prislonjeni na pročelni zid gotičke kapele oko 1500. godine. Istovremeno su svi zidovi podebljani te im je debljina gotovo udvostručena. Nameće se pretpostavka da je ova građevina pretvorena u "crkvu-utvrdu" zidova debljine 2,80–2,90 m, što i ne bi bilo neobično s obzirom na približavanje osmanlijske opasnosti. Nekako u isto vrijeme je, čini se, građena i pakračka utvrda s kružnim kulama na uglovima nepravilnoga peterokuta. U otprilike isto vrijeme, u 15. stoljeću, položena je i podnica od opeke sačuvana u zapadnome dijelu broda, gdje se nazire i prvi do sada uočeni grob. Da je ova građevina imala i svoju post-sakralnu namjenu, potvrđuju brojne životinjske kosti pronađene u njoj. ; In June and July 2018, archaeological research was done on the site of Pakrac – Stari Grad, in the very centre of the town of Pakrac. The research focused on the structure that was found in trench 1 in the previous year: the remains of a Gothic chapel of the Order of Saint John. It was confirmed that the remains originated from at least two construction phases. In the first phase, which was dated to the 13th century on the basis of architectural features, the chapel was built from finely cut stones, and the walls were reinforced by supports on the outside and lesenes on the inside. In the south-west corner, there was the entrance from the chapel to the spindle stairs. The eastern, final wall of the chapel is still outside the trench, so that its complete ground plan is still unknown. Other interesting details have been preserved, such as the slots for bolts securing the door of the main entrance to the chapel and the staircase door, as well as the bases of the pilasters leaning against the lesenes. The other certain construction phase of the chapel is best represented by the discovered bases of the portal, which were put against the front wall of the Gothic chapel around the year 1500. At the same time, all the walls were made almost twice as thick. This leads to the hypothesis that the structure was turned into a "fortress church", with walls 280–290 cm thick, which would not be strange considering the approach of the Ottoman threat. The Pakrac fortress, with round towers on the corners of an irregular pentagon, seems to have been built more or less at the same time. It was also in the 15th century that builders laid the brick floor preserved in the west part of the nave, where there are traces of the only grave found so far. A post-sacral purpose of the structure is confirmed by the numerous finds of animal bones.

Tijekom lipnja i srpnja 2017. godine provedeno je arheološko istraživanje na lokalitetu Pakrac – Stari grad u samom centru grada Pakraca. Na temelju georadarskih istraživanja određene su tri sonde. Sve su istražene sonde dale zanimljive rezultate, premda ne uvijek i u skladu s očekivanjima. Otkriveni su 4 m debeli zidovi jedne od pakračkih kula (sonda 3), zidovi čvrste i dobro građene građevine – možda ostaci gotičke ivanovačke crkve u dvorištu njihova grada (sonda 1) te brojni zidovi ali i pokretni nalazi koji uglavnom potječu iz vremena kada su Pakracom vladale Osmanlije (sonda 2). ; During June and July 2017 an archaeological research of the Pakrac – Stari Grad site was carried out. Based on georadar research, three probes were established. All three yielded interesting results, although not always such as were expected. Four meters wide walls of one of the Pakrac towers were discovered (Probe 3), as well as the walls of a solid and well-built structure – possible remains of the gothic Hospitaller Church in the backyard of the city (Probe 1) and numerous walls and movable finds, mainly dating to the times of the Ottoman rule over the town (Probe 2).

Tema je ovoga rada prikaz graditeljske slojevitosti srednjovjekovne ivanovačke kapele u Pakracu. Kapela je sačuvana u arheološkom sloju. Tijekom višegodišnjih arheoloških istraživanja, započetih 2017. godine, utvrđena su dva srednjovjekovna graditeljska sloja: izvorna ivanovačka kapela i kasnije utvrđena crkva. Ivanovačka je kapela bila dvoranska crkva ravno zaključenog svetišta (Saalkirche) koja je utvrđena tijekom drugoga graditeljskog sloja. Pronađeni su kameni ulomci arhitektonske plastike in situ i u šuti te je njihovom arhitektonskom analizom, uz analizu komparativnih primjera, potvrđeno postojanje dvaju srednjovjekovnih graditeljskih slojeva, a izvedena je i djelomična rekonstrukcija tlocrta izvorne kapele i kasnije utvrđene crkve. ; The topic of this paper is a study of the architectural stratification of the medieval Hospitaller chapel in Pakrac. The chapel is preserved in the archaeological layer. During perennial archaeological research, started in 2017, two medieval architectural layers have been confirmed: the Hospitaller chapel and a later fortified church. The Hospitaller chapel was a one-aisled church with a rectangular sanctuary as wide as the church (Saalkirche type of church), which was, during the second medieval architectural layer, fortified. Various stone fragments were found in situ and in debris, and their stylistic and architectural analysis, as well as their comparison with similar examples of architectural sculpture, has confirmed the existence of two medieval layers of the Pakrac church and, also, allowed for a partial reconstruction of the layout of the original Hospitaller chapel and the later fortified church.

Nastavak arheoloških istraživanja gotičke ivanovačke kapele na lokalitetu Stari grad u Pakracu, građene u ranom 13. stoljeću i preuređene oko 1500. godine, donio je nove znanstvene spoznaje. Zbog veće količine vlage, pogotovo na sjevernoj polovici broda, očuvane su i istražene konstrukcije drvenih stupova te drvenih lijesova, povezanih drvenim klinovima, moždanicima. Utvrđeno je da na lokalitetu postoji više faza ukopavanja te je istraženo deset grobova, a jedan od najzanimljivih nalaza je željezni vrh strelice samostrela pronađen u križnoj kosti pokojnika, ukopanog uz južni zid. ; The continuation of the archaeological excavation of the Gothic Chapel of the Knights Hospitaller at the site of Pakrac – Stari Grad, built in the early 13th century and rebuilt around 1500, brought new scientific insights. Due to higher humidity, especially on the northern half of the nave, wooden pole structures were preserved and researched, as well as wooden coffins connected by wooden bolts, stud connectors. It was ascertained that there were several phases of burials and ten graves were excavated, one of the most interesting finds being an iron tip of a crossbow arrow discovered in the sacrum of the deceased individual buried along the southern wall.