Suchergebnisse

The Mrtvalj spring is an integral part of a more complex sacred landscape, the center of which is the Shrine of St. John the Baptist located in Podmilačje near Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The shrine is a multi-confessional pilgrimage destination that is also very popular within the wider region. The Mrtvalj spring is one of the key stops in pilgrimage itineraries, but it is not only a sacred place within pilgrimage practices. In this paper the conceptualization of the Mrtvalj spring's sacredness is examined as a reflection of the relationship between the religious and the political. The author analyzes the relationship between the shrine's politics, which are based on the ideas of a "Bosnian Lourdes" and a shared shrine, and the spring as a focal point for the shared non-institutional practices of believers of various religious affiliations. She aims to show that a shared sacred site does not necessarily have to be controversial, and calls for a revalorization of non-institutional religiosity, which has proved to be a rich phenomenon for the study of interreligious relations. ; Izvor Mrtvalj je konstitutivni dio kompleksnijeg svetog krajolika u čijem je središtu svetište sv. Ivana Krstitelja u Podmilačju kraj Jajca (Bosna i Hercegovina), multikonfesionalna i u široj regiji izrazito popularna hodočasnička destinacija. Izvor Mrtvalj je jedna od ključnih točaka u hodočasničkim itinererima, no on također egzistira kao sveto mjesto izvan hodočasničkih praksi. Rad propituje konceptualizacije svetosti izvora Mrtvalj kao refleksiju odnosa između religijskog i političkog. Promatra se odnos politika svetišta, naslonjenih na ideje o "bosanskom Lourdesu" i dijeljenom svetištu, i izvora kao žarišta dijeljenih izvaninstitucionalnih praksi vjernika različitih religijskih pripadnosti. Osim što rad pokazuje kako dijeljeno sveto mjesto ne mora nužno biti kontroverzno, on poziva na revalorizaciju pojma izvaninstitucionalna pobožnost koja se pokazuje kao izrazito podatan fenomen za istraživanje interreligijskih odnosa.

Tijekom lipnja i srpnja 2018. godine provedeno je arheološko istraživanje na lokalitetu Pakrac – Stari grad u samome centru grada Pakraca. Istraživanja su bila usredotočena na lani pronađeni objekt u sondi 1 – ostatke gotičke ivanovačke kapele. Potvrđeno je da raspolažemo s ostacima najmanje dviju njenih faza gradnje. U prvoj fazi, koja se prema značajkama arhitekture datira u 13. stoljeće, kapela je građena od fino obrađenih klesanaca, zidovi su bili ojačani potpornjacima s vanjske i lezenama s unutarnje strane. U jugozapadnome kutu iz kapele se ulazilo u vretenasto stubište. Istočni, zaključni zid kapele nalazi se još uvijek izvan sonde, tako da njen potpuni tlocrt još nije poznat. Sačuvani su i drugi interesantni detalji, primjerice utori za zasune kojima su se osiguravala vrata glavnoga ulaza u kapelu te ona prema stubištu, kao i baze polustupova prislonjenih uz lezene. Druga sigurna graditeljska faza kapele najbolje se reprezentira otkrivenim bazama portala koji su prislonjeni na pročelni zid gotičke kapele oko 1500. godine. Istovremeno su svi zidovi podebljani te im je debljina gotovo udvostručena. Nameće se pretpostavka da je ova građevina pretvorena u "crkvu-utvrdu" zidova debljine 2,80–2,90 m, što i ne bi bilo neobično s obzirom na približavanje osmanlijske opasnosti. Nekako u isto vrijeme je, čini se, građena i pakračka utvrda s kružnim kulama na uglovima nepravilnoga peterokuta. U otprilike isto vrijeme, u 15. stoljeću, položena je i podnica od opeke sačuvana u zapadnome dijelu broda, gdje se nazire i prvi do sada uočeni grob. Da je ova građevina imala i svoju post-sakralnu namjenu, potvrđuju brojne životinjske kosti pronađene u njoj. ; In June and July 2018, archaeological research was done on the site of Pakrac – Stari Grad, in the very centre of the town of Pakrac. The research focused on the structure that was found in trench 1 in the previous year: the remains of a Gothic chapel of the Order of Saint John. It was confirmed that the remains originated from at least two construction phases. In the first phase, which was dated to the 13th century on the basis of architectural features, the chapel was built from finely cut stones, and the walls were reinforced by supports on the outside and lesenes on the inside. In the south-west corner, there was the entrance from the chapel to the spindle stairs. The eastern, final wall of the chapel is still outside the trench, so that its complete ground plan is still unknown. Other interesting details have been preserved, such as the slots for bolts securing the door of the main entrance to the chapel and the staircase door, as well as the bases of the pilasters leaning against the lesenes. The other certain construction phase of the chapel is best represented by the discovered bases of the portal, which were put against the front wall of the Gothic chapel around the year 1500. At the same time, all the walls were made almost twice as thick. This leads to the hypothesis that the structure was turned into a "fortress church", with walls 280–290 cm thick, which would not be strange considering the approach of the Ottoman threat. The Pakrac fortress, with round towers on the corners of an irregular pentagon, seems to have been built more or less at the same time. It was also in the 15th century that builders laid the brick floor preserved in the west part of the nave, where there are traces of the only grave found so far. A post-sacral purpose of the structure is confirmed by the numerous finds of animal bones.

Tijekom lipnja i srpnja 2017. godine provedeno je arheološko istraživanje na lokalitetu Pakrac – Stari grad u samom centru grada Pakraca. Na temelju georadarskih istraživanja određene su tri sonde. Sve su istražene sonde dale zanimljive rezultate, premda ne uvijek i u skladu s očekivanjima. Otkriveni su 4 m debeli zidovi jedne od pakračkih kula (sonda 3), zidovi čvrste i dobro građene građevine – možda ostaci gotičke ivanovačke crkve u dvorištu njihova grada (sonda 1) te brojni zidovi ali i pokretni nalazi koji uglavnom potječu iz vremena kada su Pakracom vladale Osmanlije (sonda 2). ; During June and July 2017 an archaeological research of the Pakrac – Stari Grad site was carried out. Based on georadar research, three probes were established. All three yielded interesting results, although not always such as were expected. Four meters wide walls of one of the Pakrac towers were discovered (Probe 3), as well as the walls of a solid and well-built structure – possible remains of the gothic Hospitaller Church in the backyard of the city (Probe 1) and numerous walls and movable finds, mainly dating to the times of the Ottoman rule over the town (Probe 2).

Tema je ovoga rada prikaz graditeljske slojevitosti srednjovjekovne ivanovačke kapele u Pakracu. Kapela je sačuvana u arheološkom sloju. Tijekom višegodišnjih arheoloških istraživanja, započetih 2017. godine, utvrđena su dva srednjovjekovna graditeljska sloja: izvorna ivanovačka kapela i kasnije utvrđena crkva. Ivanovačka je kapela bila dvoranska crkva ravno zaključenog svetišta (Saalkirche) koja je utvrđena tijekom drugoga graditeljskog sloja. Pronađeni su kameni ulomci arhitektonske plastike in situ i u šuti te je njihovom arhitektonskom analizom, uz analizu komparativnih primjera, potvrđeno postojanje dvaju srednjovjekovnih graditeljskih slojeva, a izvedena je i djelomična rekonstrukcija tlocrta izvorne kapele i kasnije utvrđene crkve. ; The topic of this paper is a study of the architectural stratification of the medieval Hospitaller chapel in Pakrac. The chapel is preserved in the archaeological layer. During perennial archaeological research, started in 2017, two medieval architectural layers have been confirmed: the Hospitaller chapel and a later fortified church. The Hospitaller chapel was a one-aisled church with a rectangular sanctuary as wide as the church (Saalkirche type of church), which was, during the second medieval architectural layer, fortified. Various stone fragments were found in situ and in debris, and their stylistic and architectural analysis, as well as their comparison with similar examples of architectural sculpture, has confirmed the existence of two medieval layers of the Pakrac church and, also, allowed for a partial reconstruction of the layout of the original Hospitaller chapel and the later fortified church.

This article explores diverse strategies and mechanisms of remembering Franjo Tuđman, Croatia's first president, after the country gained its independence in 1991. The authors discuss how Tuđman's figure is constructed in contemporary Croatian society by focusing on its use in political discourse and in public space. The article's central part deals with realms of memory in Veliko Trgovišće, Tuđman's birthplace, on the ninety-second anniversary of his birth. *** Razprava obravnava različne strategije in mehanizme spominjanja na Franja Tuđmana, prvega predsednika hrvaške države, ki si je neodvisnost pridobila leta 1991. Avtorici razpravljata o tem, kako je Tuđmanova podoba figure konstruirana v sodobni hrvaški družbi, pri čemer se osredotočata na njeno rabo v političnih diskurzih in javnem prostoru. Osrednji del članka je posvečen realnosti spominov v Velikem Trgovišću, Tuđmanovem rojstnem kraju, na 92. letnico njegovega rojstva.

The political, economic, and sociocultural transitions and transformations that Croatia has experienced since the 1990s have also affected the position of the Church in society. In the last decade, institutional religion in Croatia has lost its legitimizing function in society, and religiousness is greatly influenced by the individualization and subjectivization of, or distance from, institutional religious principles and doxa. Internal conflicts within the Church regarding the most known pilgrimage place in Hercegovina, in Medjugorje notwithstanding, the pilgrimage to Medjugorje continues to flourish, upholding the thesis about the "spiritual turn" in contemporary society. *** Politične, gospodarske in družbenokulturne preobrazbe, ki jih je doživela Hrvaška od devetdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja, so vplivale tudi na položaj Cerkve v družbi. V zadnjem desetletju je institucionalna vera na Hrvaškem izgubila legitimno funkcijo v družbi, doživljanje religioznosti pa zaznamujeta individualizacija in subjektivizacija institucionalnih religioznih načel. Kljub različnim stališčem znotraj Cerkve o najpomembnejšem romarskem kraju v Hercegovini, v Medjugorju, število romarjev narašča, kar omogoča domnevo o "duhovnem obratu" v sodobni družbi.

Nastavak arheoloških istraživanja gotičke ivanovačke kapele na lokalitetu Stari grad u Pakracu, građene u ranom 13. stoljeću i preuređene oko 1500. godine, donio je nove znanstvene spoznaje. Zbog veće količine vlage, pogotovo na sjevernoj polovici broda, očuvane su i istražene konstrukcije drvenih stupova te drvenih lijesova, povezanih drvenim klinovima, moždanicima. Utvrđeno je da na lokalitetu postoji više faza ukopavanja te je istraženo deset grobova, a jedan od najzanimljivih nalaza je željezni vrh strelice samostrela pronađen u križnoj kosti pokojnika, ukopanog uz južni zid. ; The continuation of the archaeological excavation of the Gothic Chapel of the Knights Hospitaller at the site of Pakrac – Stari Grad, built in the early 13th century and rebuilt around 1500, brought new scientific insights. Due to higher humidity, especially on the northern half of the nave, wooden pole structures were preserved and researched, as well as wooden coffins connected by wooden bolts, stud connectors. It was ascertained that there were several phases of burials and ten graves were excavated, one of the most interesting finds being an iron tip of a crossbow arrow discovered in the sacrum of the deceased individual buried along the southern wall.

Virgin olive oil is unique among plant oils for its high levels of oleic acid, and the presence of a wide range of minor components, which are responsible for both its health-promoting properties and characteristic aroma, and only produced when olives are crushed during the industrial process used for oil production. The genetic variability of the major volatile compounds comprising the oil aroma was studied in a representative sample of olive cultivars from the World Olive Germplasm Collection (IFAPA, Cordoba, Spain), by means of the headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–flame ionization detection (HS-SPME/GC-MS-FID). The analytical data demonstrated that a high variability is found for the content of volatile compounds in olive species, and that most of the volatile compounds found in the oils were synthesized by the enzymes included in the so-called lipoxygenase pathway. Multivariate analysis allowed the identification of cultivars that are particularly interesting, in terms of volatile composition and presumed organoleptic quality, which can be used both to identify old olive cultivars that give rise to oils with a high organoleptic quality, and in parent selection for olive breeding programs. ; Funding for this research came from the OLEAGEN project of Genoma España and the project AGL2011-24442 from the Programa Nacional de Recursos y Tecnologías Agroalimentarias, both financed by the Spanish Government

A wide genetic diversity has been reported for wild olives, which could be particularly interesting for the introgression of some agronomic traits and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in breeding programs. However, the introgression of some beneficial wild traits may be paralleled by negative effects on some other important agronomic and quality traits. From the quality point of view, virgin olive oil (VOO) from olive cultivars is highly appreciated for its fatty acid composition (high monounsaturated oleic acid content) and the presence of several minor components. However, the composition of VOO from wild origin and its comparison with VOO from olive cultivars has been scarcely studied. In this work, the variability for fruit characters (fruit weight and oil content, OC), fatty acid composition, and minor quality components (squalene, sterols and tocopherols content and composition) was studied in a set of plant materials involving three different origins: wild genotypes (n = 32), cultivars (n = 62) and genotypes belonging to cultivar × wild progenies (n = 62). As expected, values for fruit size and OC in wild olives were lower than those obtained in cultivated materials, with intermediate values for cultivar × wild progenies. Wild olives showed a remarkably higher C16:0 percentage and tocopherol content in comparison to the cultivars. Contrarily, lower C18:1 percentage, squalene and sterol content were found in the wild genotypes, while no clear differences were found among the different plant materials regarding composition of the tocopherol and phytosterol fractions. Some common highly significant correlations among components of the same chemical family were found in all groups of plant materials. However, some other correlations were specific for one of the groups. The results of the study suggested that the use of wild germplasm in olive breeding programs will not have a negative impact on fatty acid composition, tocopherol content, and tocopherol and phytosterol profiles provided that selection for these compounds is conducted from early generations. Important traits such as tocopherol content could be even improved by using wild parents. ; CICE project P11-AGR-7301, IFAPA projects AVA201601.2 and PR.PEI.IDF201601.2 partially funded by European Regional Development Fund, and European Union's Horizon 2020 RISE project BeFOre funded under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 645595. The conservation and management of olive cultivars at WOGB IFAPA Córdoba has been financially supported by INIA Projects (RFP 2012-00005; RFP 2013-00005). ; Peer reviewed

The olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) is a novel disease recently emerged in southern Italy and currently threating the Mediterranean olive-growing area. The disease was found to be associated with infections caused by the exotic bacterium X. fastidiosa, well known in the Americas as the causal agent of severe diseases of important crops, i.e. grapevine and citrus. In these species, looking for resistance is regarded as one of the most promising long term control strategies. In olives, cultivars displaying differential phenotypes have been observed in the field, with symptoms ranging from virtually no decline and limited desiccation in Leccino and FS-17® to severe decline and death cvs Cellina di Nardo and Ogliarola Salentina. However, the large variability of olive genetic resources, including both cultivated and wild olives remains to be explored. Several experiments are currently ongoing aiming at detecting new sources of resistance in plant materials representative of the genetic and geographical variability of the species, including commercial cultivars, genotypes from other Olea europaea subspecies, and selections from breeding programs. Identified resistant sources could serve as parental for breeding programs, as currently underway for other vascular diseases such as Verticillium wilt. The status and challenges of the currently ongoing activities will be presented. ; Acknowledgment This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement N. 727987 "Xylella fastidiosa Active Containment Through a multidisciplinary-Oriented Research Strategy XF-ACTORS".

6 Páginas.-- 2 Figuras ; There is an increasing need for diversification of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars, mainly because of the new intensive industry and the current trend of establishing olive productions in new areas outside the Mediterranean basin. Olive breeding has traditionally been focused on the improvement of agronomic traits. However, the nutritional quality of virgin olive oil (VOO) is lately being considered as a breeding target because of the growing weight of scientific evidence supporting the positive impact of VOO on human health. Increasing VOO consumption, through improvement of its nutritional and sensory properties, will in turn have a positive effect on both consumer health and olive-producing areas. VOO metabolites responsible for its nutritional and sensory quality include components such as phenolics and volatile compounds, which are synthesized during the oil extraction process by endogenous enzymes. Here, we aimed to investigate olive diversity regarding the key VOO quality metabolites of olive accessions cultivated around the world. For this purpose, oils from 97 olive cultivars representative of the diversity found at the World Olive Germplasm Collection (CAP-UCO-IFAPA), located at IFAPA Centre "Alameda del Obispo" Cordoba, Spain, were obtained and the phenolic and volatile fractions were further analyzed. The component profiles were compared with those of a similar subset of seedlings arisen from the cross of two widely cultivated olive cultivars having contrasting oil compositions ('Arbequina' and 'Picual'). Results showed that a single cross provides enough variability to produce new olive cultivars with improved quality. The set of cultivars from the collection displayed, in general, higher levels of variability than the progeny cross for the main groups of volatile compounds. However, the latter displayed a wider variability than the set of cultivars under study for most of the main classes of phenolic compounds in the oil, except the lignans. ; Funding for this research came from the OLEAGEN project of Genoma España and AGL2011-24442 project from the Programa Nacional de Recursos y Tecnologías Agroalimentarias, both financed by the Spanish Government. ; Peer reviewed

35 Páginas; 2 Tablas; 5 Figuras ; Phenolics are claimed to be one of the main responsible for the health benefits associated to the long term consumption of virgin olive oil (VOO). The variability of the phenolic composition was studied in an olive cultivar core collection which holds an extensive genetic diversity. The most abundant VOO phenolics were the secoiridoid derivatives resulting from the hydrolysis of oleuropein, ligstroside and demethyloleuropein present in the fruit, which showed to be on average their main phenolic glucosides. Total phenolic compounds in the fruits and the oils were, in general, significantly and positively strong correlated (r = 0.82) with p < 0.001. Thus, the fruit phenolic content seems to be the main factor determining the synthesis of VOO phenolics during oil extraction. Data on phenolic composition would be of interest for the selection of optimal parents in olive breeding programs with the aim of obtaining new cultivars with improved functional quality. ; The funding for this research came from projects AGL2011-24442 and AGL2015-67652-R from the Programa Nacional de Recursos y Tecnologías Agroalimentarias financed by the Spanish Government. R G-R and C R-S are recipients of FPI fellowships. We are grateful to Mar Pascual for her excellent technical assistance. ; Peer reviewed

16 Páginas.-- 4 Figuras ; Ethanol is a substrate for the chemical synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) during storage of virgin olive oil whose contents are officially regulated. Given the impact that the ethanol content might have on the olive oil commercialization, the level of this metabolite has been studied in an array of olive genotypes representing the diversity available in olive (Olea europaea L.). Substantial levels of ethanol have been found in the oils of all genotypes under study. Moreover, increasing levels of alcohol dehydrogenase activity have been found during olive fruit ripening in good correspondence with the accumulation of ethanol in advanced stages of fruit maturation. The results suggest that ethanol has a ubiquitous character in the fruits of Olea europaea and, therefore, in all the oils obtained from them. Besides, their concentration seems to depend on the cultivar, ripening stage and climatology, not discarding the influence of the growing conditions. Data suggest that the application of olive oil regulation for FAEE levels should consider the presence of basal levels of ethanol in the oils, which are quite high in many cultivars. ; Funding for this research came from the OLEAGEN project of Genoma España and the project AGL2011-24442 from the Programa Nacional de Recursos y Tecnologías Agroalimentarias, both financed by the Spanish Government. The plant materials evaluated here were obtained from the cooperative breeding program carried out at the University of Cordoba, and at the Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training (IFAPA), Spain. We are grateful to Mar Pascual for her excellent technical assistance. ; Peer reviewed