Suchergebnisse

This paper makes the case for the systematic appraisal of public sector projects using shadow prices as the signals of social scarcities. In so doing, it attempts to redress the balance between estimating inputs and outputs, central though that task is, and valuing them correctly. The account of how to estimate shadow prices for this purpose pays particular attention to the social discount rate and how to treat uncertainty at both the project and economy-wide levels. There follows an illustration of the ideas and apparatus in practice using an evaluation of India's large rural roads programme (PMGSY) in connection with a World Bank loan. A discussion of the more general uses of shadow prices in evaluating decisions in the public sector is complemented by a series of proposals for the implementation of systematic procedures for project appraisal in government and international donors.

Untersuchung der Machtverteilung innerhalb der Agrarstruktur und ihres Einflusses auf wirtschaftliche Transaktionen, des Zusammenhangs von Agrarstruktur und wirtschaftlichem Fortschritt sowie der Frage, ob die leichte Reaktion der ländlichen Märkte auf Verknappung Ausdruck eines Marktes ist, der dem Wettbewerbsideal sehr nahe kommt, oder ob solche Reaktionen auch unter unvollkommenen Marktbedingungen erklärbar sind. (DSE)

The recent debate concerning the efficiency of sharecropping contracts yields a number of testable hypotheses, four of which can be examined in the light of some primary data for a group of 56 tenant farmers in Purnea, northeast Bihar. The salient feature of the empirical analysis is the comparison of the resource allocation patterns on owned & rented land cultivated by the same farmer, which provides a more powerful test of inefficiency than those advocated previously. Prior surveys are discussed & tabulated. Broadly speaking, the findings for the survey support the 'Marshallian' position that such contracts do involve inefficiency-in the Bihar context, at least. Included is information on land, intermediates & hired labor input flows. 13 Tables, 1 Figure. Modified HA.