Beginning in the 1990s, the contentious "memory wars" divided psychologists into two schools of thought: that adults' recovered memories of childhood abuse were generally true, or that they were generally not, calling theories, therapies, professional ethics, and survivor credibility into question. More recently, findings from cognitive psychology and neuroimaging as well as new theoretical constructs are bringing balance, if not reconciliation, to this polarizing debate. Based on presentations at the 2010 Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, True and False Recovered Memories: Toward a
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Via telephone, a national probability sample of 1464 respondents randomly received one of three question versions of a voter turnout question in the months of December, January, & February, following the November 1998 Congressional elections in the United States. The long version form contained memory cueing techniques & face-saving response options, the short form, modeled after the 2000 American National Election Studies (ANES) question, included only the face-saving response options, & the standard form, modeled after ANES questions used before 2000, included neither. The long form led to significantly lower reported turnout in comparison to both the short & standard forms, indicating that the long form successfully reduced vote overreporting in comparison to the other question versions. Tables, Appendixes, References. [Copyright 2006 Elsevier Ltd.]
This paper discusses potential methodological issues in the design and implementation of calendar recall aids such as the Life History Calendar for cross-cultural surveys. More specifically, it aims to provide insights into how the use of landmark events in calendar interviewing may be influenced by cross-cultural variability. As an example, we compare the landmark events reported by Dutch and American respondents in two studies in which calendar recall aids were used. The study discusses differences that were found between the two countries in the numbers and types of reported landmark events, as well as in the temporal distribution of those events. The outcomes suggest that it is important for researchers to examine how landmark events in calendar instruments translate in diverse cultural contexts.
The research reported in this article provides the first direct experimental comparison between Event History Calendar (EHC; N = 309; 84.4% response rate) & standardized state-of-the-art question list (Q-list; N = 307; 84.1% response rate) interviewing methodologies. Respondents & 20 interviewers were randomly assigned to EHC & Q-list interviews that were conducted via telephone in the spring of 1998. All interviews asked for retrospective reports on social & economic behaviors that occurred during the calendar years of 1996 & 1997. Using data from the same respondents collected 1 year earlier on events reported during 1996 as a standard of comparison, the quality of retrospective reports on 1996 events from the 1998 administration of EHC & Q-list interviews was assessed. In comparison to the Q-list, the EHC condition led to better-quality retrospective reports on moves, income, weeks unemployed, & weeks missing work resulting from self illness, the illness of another, or missing work for these reasons in combination with other ones. For reports of household members entering the residence, & number of jobs, the EHC led to significantly more overreporting than the Q-list. Contingent on additional research that examines a wider range of reference periods & different modes of interviewing, the EHC may become a viable & potentially superior method to the Q-list in the collection of self-reported retrospective information. 2 Tables, 1 Figure, 3 Appendixes, 52 References. Adapted from the source document.
