Suchergebnisse

[spa] Esta tesis doctoral indaga en las posibilidades de la imagen para crear conocimiento acerca de la dictadura chilena. En un proyecto pedagógico-investigativo con jóvenes en el Museo de la Memoria y los Derechos Humanos de Santiago de Chile se utilizan las estrategias de la investigación visual narrativa para volver a contar el pasado a partir de la experiencia de los jóvenes de la postmemoria en el espacio expositivo. Las imágenes han jugado un rol fundamental en el territorio de la memoria acerca del pasado. La comunicación social sobre el trauma histórico que significó la violencia política se ha basado en gran medida en la utilización de la imagen documental: fotografías, reportajes, periódicos, videos, documentales, afiches, etc. ¿Pero cómo comunican estas imágenes? ¿Es posible pensar en una manera de ver que se aleje de una lógica documental-objetivista? ¿Cuál debiese ser el rol de las imágenes dentro de las pedagogías de la memoria? La investigación, que se desarrolló entre los años 2010 y 2015, contó con diferentes etapas. El trabajo con los jóvenes en el museo es el resultado de una primera fase exploratoria de toma de contacto con la institución. En este primer momento se analizaron las imágenes que conforman la cultura material del museo así como las nociones de memoria que éstas construyen. Asimismo, se indagó en el trabajo pedagógico que estaba desarrollando la institución, con el objetivo de conocer el rol de las imágenes dentro de este proceso. A partir de este primer momento de indagación se construyó el marco teórico y la metodología de la investigación, así como los métodos de trabajo que guían el trabajo de campo con los jóvenes. Las nociones de imagen-tiempo (Deleuze, 2010) y pedagogías transaccionales (Wilson, 2005) se constituyen en la base de la construcción de un método de trabajo que busca reconfigurar las maneras de ver y entender el pasado. ; [eng] This doctoral dissertation investigates how images may generate knowledge about the Chilean dictatorship. In a pedagogical research project, carried out with youth in the Museum for Memory and Human Rights, Santiago, Chile, visual narrative methods were used to narrate the past, drawing on the young people's experience of post-memory in the exhibition space. Images play a fundamental role in comprising the territory of memory that approaches the past. The portrayal in the media of the historical trauma that lead to political violence was based on the use of documentary material: photographs, reports, news papers, videos, documentaries, posters, and so on. But how were these images communicated? It is possible to think of a way of seeing that distances itself from an objective-documentary logic? What is the role of images within a pedagogy of memory? This research, which took place from 2010 to 2015, can be divided into different stages. The work in the museum with the youth was the result of an initial exploratory phase during which contact with the institution was established. In this first stage, the images that make up the museum's visual culture were analyzed as well as the notion of memory that the museum was producing. At the same time, an inquiry was made into the pedagogy the museum was developing, in an effort to learn about the role of images within this practice. After this initial contact and inquiry, the theoretical framework, methodological approach and work methods to use during the project with the youth were established. Deleuze's (2010) notion of time-image and Wilson's (2005) transactional pedagogies serve as the basis for a work method that attempts to reconfigure ways of seeing and understanding the past.

A partir de la publicación en al año 1997 del volumen VIII/2 de la Historia de España de R. Menéndez Pidal, dedicado a los 'imperios norteafricanos' que se anexionaron al-Andalus, en este artículo se presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre este período, poniendo de relieve algunas de las tendencias más representativas de las investigaciones más recientes sobre las épocas almorávide y almohade. La edición y reedición de las fuentes árabes, llevadas a cabo especialmente por investigadores árabes, ha sido una de las aportaciones más relevantes en este sentido, sumándose a la aparición de estudios de conjunto o monografías sobre este período. Asimismo, en este artículo se plantea la cuestión de la universalización del inglés como lengua académica y la necesidad de los investigadores españoles de publicar en este idioma para dar a conocer sus importantes aportaciones a un público más internacional que de otro modo no tiene acceso a estos trabajos. ; Este trabajo ha sido llevado a cabo dentro del proyecto de investigación "knowledge, heresy and political culture in the Islamic West (second/eighth-ninth/fifteenth centuries)= KOHEPOCU", F03049 Advanced Research Grant, European Research Council (2009-2014) ; Peer reviewed

Este trabajo ha sido llevado a cabo dentro del proyecto de investigación "Knowledge, heresy and political culture in the IslamicWest (eighth-fifteenth centuries" (KOHEPOCU), financiado por el European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2009-2014) ; Peer reviewed

The first part of the article consists of the presentation of two studies on travelling power in the Maghreb: Jocelyne Dakhlia (1988) for hafsi and subsequent times; Manuela Marín (2005) on the Almohade case. In the second part, first, the convergence of Ibn Tumart's route with the achievements of 'Abd Al-Mus' min: the movement — real or legendary — of the founder mesianic of the empire marks the territory acquired by his successor the califa and his presence inserts space in memory, geography and imperial power. The following is the complex issue of 'capital' almohade: we can speak of a sacred capital (Tinmal), a central capital (Marrakesh), regional capitals (Seville, Tunisia) and a new unfinished capital (Rabat). But it is the presence (hadar) of the warm itself that determines where the centre of the empire is. ; Peer reviewed ; The first part of the article consists of the presentation of two studies on travelling power in the Maghreb: Jocelyne Dakhlia (1988) for hafsi and subsequent times; Manuela Marín (2005) on the Almohade case. In the second part, first, the convergence of Ibn Tumart's route with the achievements of 'Abd Al-Mus' min: the movement — real or legendary — of the founder mesianic of the empire marks the territory acquired by his successor the califa and his presence inserts space in memory, geography and imperial power. The following is the complex issue of 'capital' almohade: we can speak of a sacred capital (Tinmal), a central capital (Marrakesh), regional capitals (Seville, Tunisia) and a new unfinished capital (Rabat). But it is the presence (hadar) of the warm itself that determines where the centre of the empire is. ; La primera parte del artículo consiste en la presentación de dos estudios sobre el poder itinerante en el Magreb: Jocelyne Dakhlia (1988) para las épocas hafsí y posteriores; Manuela Marín (2005) sobre el caso almohade. En la segunda parte, primeramente se analiza la convergencia del itinerario de Ibn Tumart con las conquistas de 'Abd al-Mu'min: el movimiento –real o ...

[ES] The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the relevance of the concept of hyra (emigration) in modern and contemporary Islam (especially in the context of the fight for independence against European colonial dominance, 'fundamentalist' movements and Islamic minorities). Modern and contemporary formulations are analysed after reviewing the evolution of the hyra concept since the origins of Islam. ; Peer reviewed ; [ES] The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the relevance of the concept of hyra (emigration) in modern and contemporary Islam (especially in the context of the fight for independence against European colonial dominance, 'fundamentalist' movements and Islamic minorities). Modern and contemporary formulations are analysed after reviewing the evolution of the hyra concept since the origins of Islam. ; [EN] The aim of this article is to offer an overview of the importance of the concept lzigr-a (emigration) in modem and contemporaty Islam, especially against the background of the shuggle for independence against European colonial power, «fundamentalismn and Muslim minonties. Modem and contempor& thinking on hijra is analized after studying the development of the concept since the beginnings of Islam. ; [ES] The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the relevance of the concept of hyra (emigration) in modern and contemporary Islam (especially in the context of the fight for independence against European colonial dominance, 'fundamentalist' movements and Islamic minorities). Modern and contemporary formulations are analysed after reviewing the evolution of the hyra concept since the origins of Islam. ; [ES] El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una panorámica de la relevancia del concepto hyra (emigración) en el Islam moderno y contemporáneo (especialmente en el contexto de la lucha de independencia contra el dominio colonial europeo, los movimientos «fundamentalistas» y las minorías islámicas). Las formulaciones modernas y contemporáneas son analizadas tras ...

This study is a brief synthesis about the articles that compose this monographic on the mozarabs. There is a summary of the main contributions of each of them, which analyse the general theme from different methods and views, always with a scientific perspective, moved away from interpretations based on contemporary politics. At the same time, the results of the papers are discussed and they are inserted in the wider context of the relations with the «protected» people in the early Islam. ; Estas páginas son una breve síntesis de los diferentes estudios que componen este monográfico sobre los mozárabes. Se plantean las principales aportaciones de cada uno de ellos, que abordan el tema general desde ópticas y métodos distintos, aunque siempre con una perspectiva rigurosa, alejada de los partidismos. Al mismo tiempo se lleva a cabo una lectura crítica de los resultados que ofrecen los trabajos, que son integrados en el contexto más amplio de las relaciones establecidas con las poblaciones «protegidas» en los primeros siglos del mundo islámico.

[ES] Las aleyas as coránicas sobre el Paraíso (y en especial Corán, 55: 46-78), así como el Kitab wasf-al-firdaws de 'Abd al-Malik b. Habib, nos permiten precisar mejor la interpretación paradisiaca de Madínat al-Zahra y dotarla de sentidos concretos, mostrando sus ventajas sobre otras posibles (aunque no desechables). Se explica así no sólo la variedad, sino también la asimetría, de las decoraciones parietales del Salón de 'Abd al-Rahman III, se da sentido a cómo pudieron surgir una serie de relatos en tomo a Madínat al-Zahrá', se puede plantear una nueva interpretación de la decoración en «verde y manganeso)) de la cerámica producida en la ciudad y se sugiere otro aspecto más del nombre por el que ésta fue conocida. También se puede establecer una relación con una de las doctrinas atribuidas a Mundir b. Sa'id al-Balluti, cadi de 'Ahd al-Reman III desde 339/940 hasta la muerte del califa. El silencio de las fuentes árabes sobre ese simbolismo paradisíaco puede ser puesto en relación con la anécdota de cómo ese mismo Mundir b. Sa'id censuró la actividad constructora de 'Abd al-Rahman III. Por último, Madinat al-Zahra' debe ser estudiada siempre dentro del contexto del enfrentamiento político-religioso con los Fatimíes y, más en concreto, con las situación surgida a partir de la derrota del "Hombre del Asno", presentado como figura escatológica (al-Dayyak) por los Fatimíes. ; [EN] Qur'anic verses on Paradise (especially Qur'án, 55: 46-78), as well as the Kitab wasf-al-firdaws by 'Abd al-Malk b. Hahíb, allow us to give specific meanings to the interpretation of Madínat al-Zahra' as Paradise and to support it over other possible interpretations (although without necessarily eliminating the latter). On this basis, the variety and asymmetry of the wall decorations in the Hall of 'Abd al-Rahmán III are explained, as well as how certain narratives on Madinat al-Zahrá' came into being. The "green and manganese" decoration of the pottery produced in the town is given a new meaning and some considerations are offered on the name given lo the town. A relationship can be established between Madínat al-Zahra' as Paradise and one of the doctrines attributed to Mundir b. Sa'id al-Balluti, judge of 'Abd al-Rahman III from 339/950 until the death of the caliph. The silence of the Arab sources about this Paradisiac symbolism could be linked to the anecdote on how Mundhir b. Sa'id censured 'Abd al-Rahmán III's building activity. Finally, Madínat al-Zahra has to be studied within tile context of the political and religious struggle with the Fatimids, and more specifically taking into account the situation after the defeat of the "Man of the Donkey", who was presented as an eschatological figure by the Fatimids. ; Peer reviewed

Andalusi sources give abundant information on the clients (mawali), both direct and indirect, of 'Abd al-Rahman I. In this article, that information is collected and analyzed within the context of the political and military activity of the first Umayyad amir of al-Andalus. ; Peer reviewed

Son numerosos los datos de que disponemos sobre los clientes (rmwalr), tanto directos como indirectos, de 'Abd a l - R m 1. En este artículo se ofrece una sistematiración de esos datos, así como su análisis dentro del contexto de la actividad política y militar llevada a cabo por el primer emir omeya de al-Andalus. ; military activity of the first Umayyad antir of al- Andalus. ; Peer reviewed

[ES] En este trabajo analizo dos textos cuya autenticidad ha sido discutida: el Aman concedido por 'Abd al-Rahmin a las gentes de Qastala y las expediciones militares de al-Hakam contra Zamora. Dicho análisis pretende mostrar la relación que existe entre ambos textos, establecer su fuente común y resolver el problema de si son auténticos. Concluyo que se trata de una falsificación Ilevada a cabo por el andalusí afincado en Egipto al-Yasa' b. Hazm (m. 575/1179 ó 595/1199), entre otras razones, como un intento por aseyerar la presencia musulmana en la Península Ibérica. ; [EN] Two texts are studied in this paper (the aman granted by ' Abd al-Rahman to the people of Qashtala, and al-Hakam I's military expeditions against Zamora) with the aim of showing their relationship, establishing their common source and solving the problem of their authenticity. I conclude that they were forged by the Andalusian settled in Egypt al-Yasa' h. Hazm (d. 575/1179 or 595/1199), among other reasons, as an attempt to help the Andalusian survival in the Iberian Peninsula. ; Peer reviewed

[ES] La doctrina de los gmpos fundamentalistas radicales islámicos en la actualidad gira en torno a una preocupación central: la legitimidad del poder político. Puesto que todo fundamentalismo está inextricablemente unido a las características de la tradición religiosa a la que se reclama, para entender esa doctrina (con toda su variedad) es necesario conocer su funcionamiento histórico tanto en la teoría como en la práctica, así como precisar en qué consistieron el desafío y la influencia de Occidente. ; [EN] The doctrine of the Islamic radical hindamentalist groups nowadays focuses on the cmcial issue of the legitimacy of political power. Given the fact that each fundamentalism is closely co~ectedto the religious tradition to which it belong, in order to understand such doctrine (in al1 its variely) it is necessary to understand its historical developmed hoth in theory and in practice, and to outlime the challeuge and the influence of the West. ; Peer reviewed

La tesis doctoral aborda la investigación sobre los lugares de interés geomorfológico (Geomorfositios) en la Sierra del Larouco (Galicia, noroeste del Macizo Ibérico) con un enfoque de análisis integrado para definir su potencial como recursos para la sostenibilidad de los espacios rurales. El territorio del Larouco es un espacio transfronterizo de interior diferenciado en la raya hispano-portuguesa (Galicia meridional-Portugal norte), de carácter rural, que carece de protección normativa a pesar de que la legislación en materia de conservación de la naturaleza ha declarado varias figuras de protección en su entorno próximo. Desde el punto de vista de la administración local integra dos municipios gallegos (Baltar y Cualedro) y un municipio luso (Montalegre). Previa caracterización del área de estudio, realizado un análisis crítico del marco teórico-metodológico, la caracterización del espacio con sus componentes naturales y humanos enmarca la identificación, el inventario y la valoración de 28 geomorfositios. El desarrollo de la investigación aporta modelos para realizar los registros de campo y evaluar los geomorfositios con indicadores de valor geomorfológico y de uso/gestión, y para contemplar el papel de los agentes locales en la dinámica territorial. El cuestionario a los actores sociales del territorio recoge información específica relativa a sus ideas, motivaciones, percepciones y expectativas respecto a la situación de crisis actual y las opciones de futuro considerando el significado de los bienes geomorfológicos. La interpretación de los resultados está apoyada en los valores clave de los geomorfositios, en el análisis comparativo sobre valoración de lugares de interés geomorfológico en espacios similares del espacio galaico-portugués, y en el diagnóstico actual del territorio del Larouco, siempre con el horizonte de la sostenibilidad ambiental. Finalmente los bienes del inventario son propuestos como nodos de itinerarios que tienen la finalidad de promover estrategias sostenibles para el desarrollo del turismo de naturaleza en este espacio rural de interior (Sierra del Larouco). ; The present Doctoral Thesis focuses on sites of geomorphological interest (Geomorphosites) at Sierra del Larouco (Galicia, northwest of the Iberian Massif). Of an integrated analysis approach, the study tries to define the sites potential as resources for sustainability of rural spaces. Larouco area is a hinterland cross-border space. Differentiated at the Spain-Portugal border (meridional Galicia-northern Portugal), it is a rural area lacking official protection by any regulation despite the fact that several nearby areas are actually protected by existing legislation on nature conservation. From the point of view of local administration, the studied area covers two Galician municipalities (Baltar and Cualedro) and a Portuguese township (Montalegre). Upon characterization of the study area and a critical analysis of the theoretical and methodological framework, the characterization of the space and its nature and human elements embraces identification, inventory and assessment of 28 geomorphosites. The development of this research offers models to carry out field registrations and assess geomorphosites with geomorphological and use/management indicators of value, and to observe the role played by local agents in the territory dynamics. The survey filled in by the territory social actors gathers specific information about their ideas, motivations, perceptions and expectations regarding the current crisis situation and future options all taking into consideration the significance of geomorphological assets. Interpretation of results comes supported by the value of geomorphosites, the comparative analysis on the assessment of places of high geomorphological relevance in spaces similar to the Galician-Portuguese area, and by the current diagnosis of the Larouco area always, considering environment sustainability. Finally, the assets in the inventory are suggested as nodes for itineraries aiming at promote sustainable strategies for nature tourism development in this hinterland rural area (Sierra del Larouco).

This paper explores the discourse coalitions that became evident during the conflict around the HydroAysen hydroelectric megaproject in the Patagonia region of Chile. We explore three nodal concepts around which the coalitions were constructed and the argumentative and rhetoric strategies used. The analysis, inspired by a socio constructivist approach and based on Hajer's argumentative method (2005), studies 40 discourse allocutions from relevant leaders and social actors publically available through national press releases and web pages between 2011 and 2012. Findings reveal the presence of two discourse coalitions holding competing views. The first coalition includes the President of the Republic of Chile and the Ministry of Energy, together with the proposing hydroelectric company. This coalition displays a neoliberal socioeconomic-oriented argumentation based on the proposition that the Chilean energy crisis can be resolved through hydroelectricity, a natural resource abundant in the Patagonia, which would bring more development and connectivity to the Aysen region. The second coalition, made up of social and environmental groups 'Patagonia Without Dams' and 'Aysenines against HidroAysen' exhibits a more socio-environmental oriented argumentation. Their narrative revolves around the absence of a national energy policy which makes the country economically vulnerable to the establishment of mega projects such as the HydroAysen project that may benefit only a few enterprises but ruin unique environments such as that in Patagonia. We conclude that these antagonistic coalitions run along assymetric processes of discursive institutionalization. Furthermore, the HydroAysen case analysis contributes to explain the way discourse coalitions contribute to the failure of Chilean democracy to build social consensus on contentious issues.

Employing a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Spanish economy, this study explicitly aims to characterise the potential impact of Kyoto and European Union environmental policy targets on the Spanish economy up to 2020, with a particular focus on the agricultural sector. The model code is modified to characterise the emissions trading scheme (ETS), emissions quotas and carbon taxes, whilst emissions reductions are applied to all six registered greenhouse gases (GHGs). As extensions to this work, the study attempts to integrate both the use of 'Marginal Abatement Cost' (MAC) curves for potential emissions reductions within the agricultural sector, and econometric estimates of the effects of global warming on land productivity in Spain. The study includes a 'no action' baseline (with 2007 as the benchmark year), in which GHGs are not restricted in any sector of the economy. This is compared to an 'emissions stabilisation' scenario, in which the European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is implemented, and all of Spain's commitments under Kyoto, and various pieces of EU climate change legislation, are met. Under this scenario, the policy-induced price rises of polluting inputs and processes determine the allocation of emissions reductions amongst the various industries in the economy. Given the agricultural focus of the study, the modelling of emissions response in this sector is further enhanced by the inclusion of MAC curves. These map out an endogenous technological response to price rises, and the extent to which the emissions coefficient (e.g. N2O per Kg of fertiliser applied, or CH4 per head of cattle) can be reduced, such that the same quantity of input emits a smaller amount of GHGs. A flexible functional form is used to calibrate the MAC curves to data from the IIASA's GAINS model, which includes potential emissions reductions, and associated costs, of all major technological advances in agriculture currently underway, or potentially viable. This greatly aids our ability to explore the distribution of the burden of emissions reductions across the agricultural sector. A further feature of the model is that both the 'no action' baseline and the 'emissions stabilisation' scenario include estimates of their impacts on land productivity. Data on projected temperatures associated with the two emissions pathways came from the ClimateCost project. In addition, historical data on temperatures and yields in the various regions of Spain, was used to econometrically estimate the responsiveness of land productivity in the production of different crops, to temperature changes. These two combined give an estimate of how yields in Spain are likely to respond to the emissions levels resulting from the two different scenarios. Preliminary results suggest that the emissions policy causes small falls in real GDP and employment relative to the baseline, and a rise in the consumer price index. Agricultural emissions must meet their 'diffuse sector' target of a 10% fall on 2005 levels by 2020. The land productivity declines in the 'no action' baseline increase the pressure on productive land in Spain (already at close to its limit), and drive the need for increased use of other inputs. Further, the results allow us to see, under a single reduction target for all agricultural emissions, which industries will bear the brunt of the reductions, and which will find it more difficult/costly to mitigate. Analysis of this kind is likely to be of great interest in the design of policies specifying how the aggregate emissions targets are to be met.