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This book aims to overcome the limitations the variations in bank-specifics impose by providing a bank-specific valuation theoretical framework and a new asset-side model. The book includes also a constructive comparison of equity and asset side methods. The authors present a novel framework entitled, the "Asset Mark-down Model". This method incorporates an Adjusted Present Value model, which allows practitioners to identify the main value creation sources of a particular bank: from asset-based cash flow and the mark-down on deposits, to tax benefits on bearing liabilities. Through the implementation of this framework, the authors offer a more accurate and more specific approach to valuing banks

Bank valuation is one of the most difficult topics to address in corporate finance. The application of standard valuation methodologies can be limited and heavily influenced by the varying specifics of regulation, business process, equity and debt capital function (among others) among banks. Generally, these limitations result in the application of a simplified equity-side approach based on dividends. Yet, dividends represent a synthetic measure of cash and, therefore, often do not present an accurate view of the value creation process in terms of cash flows. This book aims to overcome the limitations the variations in bank-specifics impose by providing a bank-specific valuation theoretical framework and a new asset-side model. The book includes also a constructive comparison of equity and asset side methods. The authors present a novel framework entitled, the "Asset Mark-down Model". This method incorporates an Adjusted Present Value model, which allows practitioners to identify the main value creation sources of a particular bank: from asset-based cash flow and the mark-down on deposits, to tax benefits on bearing liabilities. Through the implementation of this framework, the authors offer a more accurate and more specific approach to valuing banks.

Estimating business value is an issue of great complexity, attracting attention from academics and professionals alike. Measuring value is an ever more complex topic from the perspectives of operations, strategy, integration, and restructuring. Historically, academics have focussed their research on the 'cost of capital', proposing many different approaches to estimate the cost of capital. "Estimating SMEs Cost of Equity Using a Value at Risk Approach" reviews traditional models and proposes an alternative model for estimating the cost of equity. This model, known as CaRM (Capital at Risk Model), bases the cost estimate of risk capital on VaR (Value at Risk) for the very first time. As well as describing the theory behind the CaRM, the authors illustrate the critical issues inherent in financing small and medium firms, consider whether the model should be adapted for firms not listed on regulated markets, and provide a comparative analysis with the CAPM method through three case studies. This book is an ideal resource for developing valuation research in SMEs; allowing students to understand how classical corporate finance theory can run in private equity firms; and providing a valuable professional solution for evaluating unlisted companies.