Suchergebnisse

En este trabajo se examina la dinámica de la distribución regional del producto por empleado en la Unión Europea entre 1977 y 1999 a partir de técnicas de estimación no paramétricas. Asimismo, se analiza cuál ha sido la contribución regional y sectorial a la convergencia en productividad observada en el ámbito europeo a lo largo del período contemplado. Para ello se utiliza una metodología novedosa que combina una formulación alternativa del análisis shift-share con diversos resultados procedentes de la literatura dedicada al estudio de la distribución personal de la renta. La evidencia empírica aportada sugiere que la desigualdad regional en productividad en la Unión Europea está estrechamente relacionada con la existencia de diferencias intrínsecas entre regiones. En cualquier caso, los resultados obtenidos también ponen de manifiesto el importante papel desempeñado por el componente nacional a la hora de explicar los desequilibrios territoriales observados. Adicionalmente, las conclusiones alcanzadas permiten respaldar la relevancia teórica de los modelos de crecimiento unisectoriales a la hora de explicar las disparidades regionales en renta por habitante en el ámbito europeo. ; This paper applies non-parametric techniques to examine the evolution of the entire distribution of regional productivity in the European Union between 1977 and 1999. In addition, we study the importance of the respective roles played by regional and sectoral factors in the convergence of productivity observed in the European context. To achieve this aim, we consider a new methodology involving a modification of conventional shift-share analysis and various results reported in the literarure on personal income distribution. the impirical evidence provided suggest that regional inequality in productivity in the European Union is closely linked to intrinsic differences between regions. Likewise, the analyses developed reveal the major role played by the national component in the explanation of regional disparities in product per worker ...

Social norms are a set of rules to be followed by the people of a community in order to have a better coexistence, to which the behaviors, tasks, and activities of the human being must be adjusted. The set or system of norms, rules, or duties regulates the actions of individuals among themselves. This work presents a new and original approach to the situations of agreement as well as to the constructions of regulations. This is done by giving a mathematical formalization to the set of all possible agreements or regulations, so that, then, the proximity between them is defined by means of a premetric. Thanks to this mathematical structure that tries to capture the problematic of agreements and modifications of regulations, some currently issues related to game theory or law are now reduced to mathematical optimization problems.