Suchergebnisse

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1960

The result of thirty-five years of thought and research on culture by one of the best and most literate writers in sociology, this wide-ranging review of the meaning and study of culture is Bennett Berger at his best. Drawing on his unsurpassed knowledge of the scholarly literature and on his wealth of personal experience, Berger reviews and synthesizes recent work in cultural sociology from a materialist perspective. An Essay on Culture culminates in a call for an empirical research program focused on the relation between symbolic choices and social locations, rather than on interpretive accounts of the meanings of texts or performances. Among his unusual insights are a defense of reductionism, sympathetic accounts of peer pressure and special interests, an attempt to restore some dignity to the word "ideology" and a fresh perspective on conspiracy theory. Scholars and students of culture will find here stunning discussions and theoretical insights on ideological work, morality and culture, and on the relations between social structure and cultural structure. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes ­high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1995.

In this presentation I shall review: 1. The size and function of the world's merchant fleet. 2. The development of the U.S. National Shipping Policy. 3. The organizations involved in operating both commercial and military shipping. 4. And, the current commercial shipbuilding program of the world.

Du point de vue structuraliste (ou déterministe) en sociologie de la culture, le comportement symbolique de l'homme apparaît comme l'expression ou le résultat des contraintes liées aux positions des individus et des groupes dans la structure sociale. Le volontarisme conçoit par contre la culture moins comme le reflet de ces contraintes sociales que comme un ensemble d'outils ou de ressources symboliques que l'on peut utiliser pour faire face à des problèmes personnels ou pour modifier la structure sociale. Dans cet article, nous tentons d'intégrer ces deux perspectives en sociologie de la culture en analysant les forces et les faiblesses de plusieurs études empiriques. Deux thèmes sont importants: d'abord, les résultats de chacune des études soulèvent de différentes façons des problèmes idéologiques; ensuite, certaines des oppositions entre le structuralisme et le volontarisme proviennent des divergences entre les perspectives micro et macrosociologiques qu'adoptent les auteurs et qui elles-mêmes sont des modes d'explication inadéquats. La perspective macrosociologique ne porte pas suffisamment attention aux micro-processus qui s'inscrivent entre les contraintes sociales et les choix symboliques; la perspective microsociologique néglige les structures sociales qui modèlent les micro-ressources accessibles à des individus et à des groupes, à des moments et dans des endroits spécifiques. En conclusion, nous analysons les possibilités d'intégration de l'une et l'autre approche en sociologie de la culture. Le "réductionnisme" apparaît un faux problème: nous devons l'éviter lorsqu'il s'agit de sur-simplification, mais si le réductionnisme constitue une explication parcimonieuse, il vaut mieux le rechercher, surtout que toute analyse scientifique tend à la simplification.

Over the last two decades concern has increased in many countries over health and safety in the workplace. Research into these issues has attracted little attention from the medical profession, unions, government or industry. Sociologists have only recently begun to study the relationship between work and health, but the results so far raise important questions. This special issue reflects the diversity of perspectives and the potential contribution that sociology can make.