Suchergebnisse

Observations on factor costs in public elementary & secondary Sch's, & on efforts made to measure the productivity of educ'al systems. In current dollars, the instructional expenditures per pupil per day have risen from $ 0.357 in 1929-1930, to $ 1.311 in 1957-1958. The increase for the same period in constant dollars (1949-1950 = 100), is from $0.748 to $0.915. The mean/average of all earned income in the US is used as the deflator for the salary portion of the instructional budget, under the assumption that relative changes in teachers' pay affect the calibre of staff &, hence, the output of Sch systems. Progressive Sch authorities now appear to respond to the demand for higher standards of performance by seeking to make changes in the instructional process via curriculum revision, redeployment of staff, & the use of new physical devices. Costbenefit analysis in educ is not sufficiently developed to make close judgments on the efficiency of alternative combinations of inputs, primarily because unobtrusive means of observing the teaching process are not yet available. Should teaching machines come into widespread use, however, it will be possible to link the individual instruments to a central data bank. Examination of the data obtained may allow fairly sophisticated types of systems analysis to be applied in educ. AA.

Abstract
The present study determinedperspectives of pre-school teachers on television viewing in determining behavioral tendencies among preschoolers in Kenya. The study was guided by Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory. The target population of the study comprised of one head teacher, three ECDE teachers. Saturated sampling technique was used to sample 3 pre-school teachers.15 preschoolers were sampled using Purposive sampling technique after putting them into three stratus of those from rural, urban and more urban areas, which comprised of 20, 20 and 10 preschoolers from each stratum respectively. The researcher used interview schedules, observation schedules and focus group discussion guides as the study instruments. Validity of the instruments was ensured by seeking expert judgments of the supervisors and trustworthiness of qualitative data was also ensured. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. The study findings revealed that there was increased physical aggression among children. Though; some children were also empathetic and loving. The finding also established an increased engagement in indoor and outdoor activities by the children. The results further showed an increased language development among children. Moreover, there was also enhanced mutual relationship realized among the learners. The study recommended that; pre-school teachers should encourage parents to engage their children in watching educational TV programs while at home, this was because the study findings revealed that children who watched television had well developed language and also performed well academically. Parents should limit TV viewing time per day and totally banning programs that are too violent or offensive by checking the television listings and programs ahead of time to ensure age appropriate programs, this was because the study findings revealed that children had long hours of TV watching.