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Holocene environmental changes in antarctic coastal areas: proceedings of international workshop held at the National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, October 20-22, 1993
In: Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research
In: Special issue 50
Science Diplomacy and Its Engine of Informed Decisionmaking: Operating through Our Global Pandemic with Humanity
In: The Hague journal of diplomacy, Band 15, Heft 3, S. 435-450
ISSN: 1871-191X
Summary
Science diplomacy is an international, interdisciplinary and inclusive (holistic) process, involving informed decisionmaking to balance national interests and common interests for the benefit of all on Earth across generations. Informed decisions operate across a 'continuum of urgencies', which extends from security to sustainability time scales for peoples, nations and our world. The COVID-19 pandemic is the 'most challenging crisis we have faced since the Second World War', as noted in March 2020 by UN Secretary-General António Guterres, when survival is once again a common interest at local-global levels. This essay introduces common-interest-building strategies with science diplomacy to operate short term to long term, before-through-after the 'inflection point' of our global pandemic, as the next step in the evolution of our globally interconnected civilisation.
Evolution of Science Diplomacy and Its Local-Global Applications
In: European foreign affairs review, Band 24, Heft Special Issue, S. 63-79
ISSN: 1875-8223
The unambiguous reality of human civilization is that we now are globally interconnected. This fact is revealed by 'world wars', which happened for the first time in the history of humankind only in the last century. In context, global human population size has grown more than 1000% since the advent of the nation-state with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. During this period, the influence of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) has been expanding, certainly since the industrial revolution around 1800 when the human population reached 1 billion, accelerating to 8 billion people as we enter the next decade during our digital revolution. The challenges are on a planetary scale, as reflected further by concern about Earth's climate, crossing the spectrum of sub-national to international jurisdictions with the nation-state at the centre. As an example, science diplomacy from the polar regions illustrates how transatlantic science relations are embedded into a global context. With hope and inspiration from the perspective of a practitioner and observer, the evolution of science diplomacy is shared herein with local-global applications as an international, interdisciplinary and inclusive (holistic) process, involving informed decision-making to balance national interests and common interests for the benefit of all on Earth across generations.
Evolution of science diplomacy and its local-global applications
In: European foreign affairs review, Band 24, S. 63-79
ISSN: 1384-6299
World Affairs Online
Institutional Dimensions of Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON)
Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON) implies a system of different sensors that are generating data to be preserved, interpreted, and applied in a continuous manner over a long period on a pan-Arctic scale. This note summarizes the current institutional framework that relates to data generation and use, as well as decision making and operational responses, around the Arctic Ocean. Sustainable solutions will necessarily involve those institutions that have the financial, logistic, policy, and legal capacity to support infrastructure in the Arctic Ocean region into the future. Three options are introduced for supporting SAON as a key element of the sustainable Arctic Ocean infrastructure that governments and Indigenous peoples hope to develop. Option 1 would be for the Arctic coastal states to mandate that a portion of leasehold payments from energy companies be earmarked for general-purpose infrastructure development in the Arctic Ocean region, with specific inclusion of SAON. Option 2 would be for the Arctic Council, as the high-level forum for international cooperation in the Arctic, to spread the burden of supporting SAON among the Arctic states, non-Arctic states, and Indigenous peoples. Option 3 would be to support SAON through coordinated public-private partnerships among diverse organizations and institutions with Arctic remits. Compelling justification for supporting SAON is that it is needed to inform decision making about both sustainable infrastructure development and maritime domain awareness for commercial operations in the Arctic Ocean. ; Les réseaux Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON, ou réseaux d'observation durables de l'Arctique) sont dotés d'un système de capteurs différents qui produisent des données à stocker, à interpréter et à appliquer de manière continue sur une longue période, à l'échelle panarctique. Cette communication résume le cadre institutionnel actuel faisant le lien entre la production des données et leur utilisation, et fait état de la prise de décisions et des interventions opérationnelles relatives à l'océan Arctique. Les solutions durables feront nécessairement appel aux établissements qui possèdent la capacité financière, logistique, politique et juridique de soutenir l'infrastructure dans la région de l'océan Arctique à l'avenir. Trois options sont présentées pour appuyer les réseaux SAON en tant qu'élément-clé de l'infrastructure durable de l'océan Arctique que les gouvernements et les peuples indigènes espèrent aménager. La première option ferait en sorte que les états côtiers de l'Arctique mandateraient qu'une partie des versements à bail de la part des sociétés du secteur de l'énergie soit affectée à l'aménagement de l'infrastructure générale dans la région de l'océan Arctique, ce qui comprendrait les réseaux SAON. La deuxième option viserait à ce que le Conseil de l'Arctique, cette tribune de collaboration internationale de premier plan dans l'Arctique, répartisse le fardeau de soutenir les réseaux SAON entre les états arctiques, les états non arctiques et les peuples indigènes. La troisième option consisterait à faire appuyer les réseaux SAON par des partenariats coordonnés entre divers organismes et établissements du secteur public et du secteur privé pour que des remises soient faites dans l'Arctique. La justification permettant de convaincre de la nécessité de soutenir les réseaux SAON est que l'existence des réseaux s'avère nécessaire pour informer la prise de décisions relatives aux aménagements d'infrastructures durables et à la sensibilisation au domaine maritime en vue de la réalisation d'activités commerciales dans l'océan Arctique.
BASE
Our Common Futurein the Arctic Ocean
In: The round table: the Commonwealth journal of international affairs, Band 101, Heft 2, S. 123-135
ISSN: 1474-029X
Our common future in the Arctic Ocean
In: The round table: the Commonwealth journal of international affairs, Band 101, Heft 2, S. 123-135
ISSN: 0035-8533
World Affairs Online
‘Common Interests’ as an Evolving Body of International Law: Applications to Arctic Ocean Stewardship
In: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht; Arctic Science, International Law and Climate Change, S. 155-173
President Eisenhower, the Antarctic Treaty, and the Origin of International Spaces
In: Science diplomacy : science, Antarctica, and the governance of international spaces, S. 17-27