Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- About the Book -- Contents -- About the Author -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Education Policy -- 1.1 Definitions and Basic Concepts -- 1.2 Public Education in the Twenty-First Century -- 1.3 Values and Ideologies in Education -- 1.4 Summary of the Chapter -- References -- Chapter 2: The Policy Process: The Design of Education Policy -- 2.1 Power, Politics, and Agenda Setting -- 2.2 Key Players and the Social Construction of the Target Population -- 2.3 Decision-Making Processes and Ethical Aspects of Decision-Making -- 2.4 Summary of the Chapter -- References -- Chapter 3: The Policy Process: Implementation of Education Policy -- 3.1 Policy Instruments -- 3.2 Field Effects on Implementation -- 3.3 Evaluation of Education Policy -- 3.4 Systemic Change and Education Reforms -- 3.5 Summary of the Chapter -- References -- Chapter 4: The Policy Process: Contextual Factors -- 4.1 Demographic and Economic Aspects -- 4.2 Political Culture -- 4.3 National Culture and Social Cohesion -- 4.4 Summary of the Chapter -- References -- Chapter 5: Contemporary Discourse in Education Policy in the Twenty-First Century: Problems -- 5.1 Public Education in Crisis -- 5.2 Bureaucratic Structure and Central Government -- 5.3 Poor Professionalization in Teaching -- 5.4 Inequality in Education -- 5.5 Summary of the Chapter -- References -- Chapter 6: Contemporary Discourse in Education Policy in the Twenty-First Century: Solutions -- 6.1 Promoting School Effectiveness -- 6.2 Promoting Teaching as a Profession -- 6.3 Promoting Equality in Education -- 6.4 Promoting Collaboration in Education -- 6.5 Summary of the Chapter -- References -- Chapter 7: Criticism of Education Policy as a Field of Knowledge -- 7.1 Criticism of the Basic Assumptions and Conceptualizations of Studies on Education Policy.

In this article, I define and measure the new phenomenon of defensive citizenship in Europe. The literature suggests that defensive citizenship engagement is related to attempts by entitled citizens to preserve their threatened interests. It has been on the rise worldwide, especially in Europe. Based on studies and reports on the phenomenon, I argue that defensive citizenship can be assessed among entitled citizens (those born in the country, whose both parents were born in the country) based on mistrust towards political institutions, anti-immigration attitudes and a challenging personal situation. The analysis, based on European Social Survey data, ranks European countries and uncovers concentrations of countries with high levels of defensive citizenship in Eastern Europe. I contend that this phenomenon has significant implications for the democratic functioning of European countries and the stability of the continent.

The present study addresses a topic neglected by the public administration literature: government corruption and its effects on public service systems. Specifically, the study focuses on the institutionalized form of government corruption and offers a framework to explain how corrupt industry operates. The results indicate that in countries with a high level of corruption, a higher ratio of public expenditure on education is associated with less effective educational outcomes, supporting the "wagon-wheel effect" (i.e., policy aimed to promote public service quality leads to its deterioration). The implications of the results for the administration of public service systems are discussed.

Purpose
Scholars have identified various uses of Facebook by activists and social movements in political activism and beyond. They overlooked, however, the possibility that social movements may take advantage of certain capabilities provided by social media platforms, while neglecting others, thereby creating differences in patterns of use between movements. The purpose of this paper is to investigate these differences and to assess the role of the lived experience of activists and supporters in shaping them.


Design/methodology/approach
This study compared two protests in Israel with respect to activists' use of social media, the class profile of participants and the leadership's demands and their resonance among various social groups. Each case was analyzed by combining thematic and quantitative analysis of online data from Facebook pages and of offline data from various sources.


Findings
The two protests exhibited distinctively different patterns of use of the capabilities provided by Facebook. These differences are associated with the lived experience of protest participants and of the individuals the movement leadership sought to mobilize.


Originality/value
This study is the first to show that successful public policy protests can exhibit distinctive use patterns of social media for political activism. It also identifies lived experience as an important factor in shaping these patterns.