Suchergebnisse

Samen-Genbanken dienen zum Erhalt der Genressourcen und stellen daher einen bedeutenden Beitrag zum Artenschutz dar. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Übersicht über die Situation in Österreich gegeben. Während die Sicherung von landwirtschaftlichen und forstlichen Genressourcen durch die AGES betrieben wird, ist eine dezentralisierte ex situ Samen-Genbank für Wildpflanzen-Arten in Zusammenarbeit der Mitglieder der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Botanischer Gärten Österreich in Aufbau, wobei die Mitarbeit im von der EU geförderten Netzwerk ENSCONET eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Die geplante ex situ-Samenbank ist auch ein wesentlicher Beitrag der Botanischen Gärten Österreichs zur Global Strategy for Plant Conservation der Biodiversitätskonvention. ; Gene banks aim at maintaining genetic resources by long-term seed preservation. The present compilation gives a survey to the situation of seed-gene banks in Austria. Agricultural and silvicultural genetic resources are managed by an agency installed by the government (AGES), while an ex situ gene bank for native wild species has recently been initiated as collaborative approach of the Austrian Botanic Gardens Working Group (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Botanischer Gärten). This initiative is linked with the EU-funded project ENSCONET and represents an important contribution of the Austrian Botanic Gardens to the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation of the CBD.

Interactions between flower visiting insects and nectar resp. pollen producing plants belong to the most relevant in terrestrial ecosystems. Their diversity and dominance relationship are important indicators for the stability and functionality of ecosystems and belong to the high ranking ecosystem services. Potential pollinators should be strongly concerned especially regarding anthropogenic impacts on habitats. We studied the diversity and quantities of flower visiting insects with special focus on wild bees (Apiformes) in two locations near the city of Vienna (Austria). Insect sampling occurred in May until July 2015 every two weeks parallel to the vegetation surveys incl. records of the cover of flowering plants. In each location patches of semi-natural grassland as well as flowering strips within vineyards were investigated. We found a significant correlation between the number of insects or insect taxa (especially for Hymenoptera) and the current flower cover. In some cases flowering strips in vineyards harbor higher numbers of insects and higher diversity of bee species than the semi-natural grassland due to temporarily higher values of flower cover. However, grassland patches provide a much more constant supply with nectar producing plants replacing each other in their flowering phase during the season. In contrast, flowering strips are often dominated by one or a few short-lived sown plants, which is of advantage for some oligolectic bees specialized on Brassicaceae or Fabaceae. Flowering strips within organically farmed vineyards are more similar to semi-natural grassland regarding the diversity of flower visiting insects than to conventional farmed vineyards.