Suchergebnisse

Despite the started "Energy 2020 strategy" in 2010 and the European Commission statement that "Energy e{ciency is the most cost e~ective way to reduce emissions, improve energy security and competitiveness, make energy consumption more a~ordable for consumers as well as create employment, including in export industries" proposed year later, the a Directive on energy e{ciency (EED), which entered into forced on 4 December 2012, in Lithuania is still under development and harmonization with Lithuanian law system. ƒis article presents author opinion of national stakeholders' at Member States' level, gathered during analysis and practical experience in the sector. ƒe article is a +rst step to analyse the overall legal and political context of energy policy of the EU implementation in Lithuania, as well as of the Energy E{ciency Directive and its implementation in the country in particular. Key +ndings and recommendations presents as a main elements of the analysis provided in +ve main parts starting from the issues with a wide range of analysis of the EED and by proposing for energy e{ciency implementation provisions, procedures, conditions in Lithuania. ƒe article based on a legal and political basis for energy policy and energy e{ciency in the EU and Lithuania before and a…er the Energy E{ciency Directive entered into force. Directive 2012/27/EU establishes a common framework of measures for the promotion. Entered into force Directive of energy e{ciency within the European Union in order to ensure the EU 2020 20 per cent headline target on energy e{ciency declared as a aim to achieved, and to pave the way for further energy e{ciency improvements beyond that date. It also laid down rules designed to remove barriers in the energy market and overcome market failures that impede e{ciency in the supply and use of energy, and provides for the establishment of indicative national energy e{ciency targets for 2020. ƒe requirements laid down in the EED were the minimum requirements for Member States. However, Lithuania was not and is not prepared for even minimum reducing energy consumption requirements. To achieve this, each Member State were obligated to set an indicative national energy e{ciency targets, based on either primary or +nal energy consumption, primary or +nal energy savings, or energy intensity. Moreover, according this article analysis, the author states that no one of requirements were not correctly implemented or implemented by the full scope.

Despite the started "Energy 2020 strategy" in 2010 and the European Commission statement that "Energy e{ciency is the most cost e~ective way to reduce emissions, improve energy security and competitiveness, make energy consumption more a~ordable for consumers as well as create employment, including in export industries" proposed year later, the a Directive on energy e{ciency (EED), which entered into forced on 4 December 2012, in Lithuania is still under development and harmonization with Lithuanian law system. ƒis article presents author opinion of national stakeholders' at Member States' level, gathered during analysis and practical experience in the sector. ƒe article is a +rst step to analyse the overall legal and political context of energy policy of the EU implementation in Lithuania, as well as of the Energy E{ciency Directive and its implementation in the country in particular. Key +ndings and recommendations presents as a main elements of the analysis provided in +ve main parts starting from the issues with a wide range of analysis of the EED and by proposing for energy e{ciency implementation provisions, procedures, conditions in Lithuania. ƒe article based on a legal and political basis for energy policy and energy e{ciency in the EU and Lithuania before and a…er the Energy E{ciency Directive entered into force. Directive 2012/27/EU establishes a common framework of measures for the promotion. Entered into force Directive of energy e{ciency within the European Union in order to ensure the EU 2020 20 per cent headline target on energy e{ciency declared as a aim to achieved, and to pave the way for further energy e{ciency improvements beyond that date. It also laid down rules designed to remove barriers in the energy market and overcome market failures that impede e{ciency in the supply and use of energy, and provides for the establishment of indicative national energy e{ciency targets for 2020. ƒe requirements laid down in the EED were the minimum requirements for Member States. However, Lithuania was not and is not prepared for even minimum reducing energy consumption requirements. To achieve this, each Member State were obligated to set an indicative national energy e{ciency targets, based on either primary or +nal energy consumption, primary or +nal energy savings, or energy intensity. Moreover, according this article analysis, the author states that no one of requirements were not correctly implemented or implemented by the full scope.

This publication provides and analyses the European Union Structural Funds impact on the disparity the Irelands and Greece, Spain and Portugal. As my assumption is that Structural Funds were not enough acceptably put to use, thus this article provides the actual results observed in an attempt to prove this supposition by explaining the major examples of Ireland's recent economic growth. The Irish experience and comparative analysis of Greece, Spain and Portugal cases is used as a model of successful use of structural funding. Despite its limitations, Ireland economic convergence is compared with the other Cohesion countries during the 1988, 1993 and 1999 reforms. ; Europos Sąjungos (toliau – ES) plėtra daugeliu atžvilgių yra unikalus procesas. Lietuvai šiame integracijos procese labai svarbu nagrinėti ne tik artimiausių valstybių kaimynių patirtį, bet ir sugebėti perimti ilgalaikę Vakarų Europos valstybių integracijos tarpvalstybinių derybų patirtį, išmokti derinti interesus, ieškoti ES ir nacionalinių institucijų kompromisų, laikytis tam tikrų žaidimo taisyklių, įformintų teisės normomis, perimti jų taikymo praktiką. Straipsnyje keliamais klausimais Lietuvos mokslo leidiniuose nebuvo jokios tiriamosios medžiagos, todėl pabrėžtinas šio straipsnio aktualumas. Autorė nagrinėja Europos Sąjungos struktūrinės politikos įtaką Sanglaudos šalių regionalizacijos ir europeizacijos kontekste. Straipsnyje iškeliamos problemos, susijusios su atsilikusių Europos regionų siekimu didinti savo ekonominės veiklos efektyvumą laisvosios rinkos konkurencinėje kovoje. Analizuojama Airijos patirtis įgyvendinant ES politinę praktiką, administruojant ES finansinės paramos lėšas bei užtikrinant nacionalinio vystimosi plano vykdymą 1988–2006 m. Pasitelkus atliktos analizės rezultatus gretinami Airijos ir Graikijos, Portugalijos bei Ispanijos regioninės paramos įgyvendinimo mechanizmai su nacionalinėmis bei Bendrijos iniciatyvomis. Siekiama, kad Vidurio Europos valstybių europeizacijos analizė padėtų suvokti šį procesą bei naujų ES narių, taip pat ir Lietuvos, teisiniame, politiniame, ekonominiame gyvenime vykstančius pokyčius.

The object of the dissertation research is the European Community and national rules of law, which regulate the law applied to the support of the European Union, the support provided by the state consistent with the single market is the sub-institute of the Community competition law, which is comprised of both of the rules of law, regulating the changes in the market structure, and the rules of law, regulating the influence of the support of the European Union to the united market. The main task and the aim of the research is to provide the proposals and recommendations for the improvement of the regulation by performing the complex analysis of the state support not inconsistent with the Community and national rules of law regulating the single market, also by establishing discrepancies in interpreting and practical application of these rules of law and by disclosing and assessing their interpretation and application problems, and also for the creation of beneficial assumptions for the correction of the current practice. The subject matter of the dissertation includes the regional support regulation system of the Community state aid not inconsistent with the single market, which is traditionally included in the system of the Community competition law, and also the common fundamentals of the European Union regional support regulation and their interaction with the legal system of the Republic of Lithuania. The relevancy of the work and the tasks established herein determined the combination of the research methods selected by the author. The inductive - deductive research method was applied in the work in order to perform the comprehensive analysis of its subject matter; the comparative method was applied for legal analysis of Central and Eastern Europe regulation system; the historic method was used for the historical development of the legal regulation of the Cohesion from the Treaty of Rome till the Lisbon Treaty and its legal consequences; the statistical data collection and analysis allowed research European Union support regulation model and justify juridical consequences and identify by factual material based a support extent and illustrate correlation with some aspects of the legal regulation.

The object of the dissertation research is the European Community and national rules of law, which regulate the law applied to the support of the European Union, the support provided by the state consistent with the single market is the sub-institute of the Community competition law, which is comprised of both of the rules of law, regulating the changes in the market structure, and the rules of law, regulating the influence of the support of the European Union to the united market. The main task and the aim of the research is to provide the proposals and recommendations for the improvement of the regulation by performing the complex analysis of the state support not inconsistent with the Community and national rules of law regulating the single market, also by establishing discrepancies in interpreting and practical application of these rules of law and by disclosing and assessing their interpretation and application problems, and also for the creation of beneficial assumptions for the correction of the current practice. The subject matter of the dissertation includes the regional support regulation system of the Community state aid not inconsistent with the single market, which is traditionally included in the system of the Community competition law, and also the common fundamentals of the European Union regional support regulation and their interaction with the legal system of the Republic of Lithuania. The relevancy of the work and the tasks established herein determined the combination of the research methods selected by the author. The inductive - deductive research method was applied in the work in order to perform the comprehensive analysis of its subject matter; the comparative method was applied for legal analysis of Central and Eastern Europe regulation system; the historic method was used for the historical development of the legal regulation of the Cohesion from the Treaty of Rome till the Lisbon Treaty and its legal consequences; the statistical data collection and analysis allowed research European Union support regulation model and justify juridical consequences and identify by factual material based a support extent and illustrate correlation with some aspects of the legal regulation.

This publication provides and analyses the European Union Structural Funds impact on the disparity the Irelands and Greece, Spain and Portugal. As my assumption is that Structural Funds were not enough acceptably put to use, thus this article provides the actual results observed in an attempt to prove this supposition by explaining the major examples of Ireland's recent economic growth. The Irish experience and comparative analysis of Greece, Spain and Portugal cases is used as a model of successful use of structural funding. Despite its limitations, Ireland economic convergence is compared with the other Cohesion countries during the 1988, 1993 and 1999 reforms.

This publication provides and analyses the European Union Structural Funds impact on the disparity the Irelands and Greece, Spain and Portugal. As my assumption is that Structural Funds were not enough acceptably put to use, thus this article provides the actual results observed in an attempt to prove this supposition by explaining the major examples of Ireland's recent economic growth. The Irish experience and comparative analysis of Greece, Spain and Portugal cases is used as a model of successful use of structural funding. Despite its limitations, Ireland economic convergence is compared with the other Cohesion countries during the 1988, 1993 and 1999 reforms.

Consumer rights protection in the extra-judicial debt collection procedures has become an increasingly acute legal and social problem during the recent years in various countries. Since 2008 economic crisis in countries in Europe, USA and others the consumers face the bitter consequences of over-indebtedness. So far, different methods of combating those problems have been applied in various European countries with ongoing legal discussion of whether more efficient methods should be employed. In the last 5 years some countries in Europe introduced the special legal regulations aimed at debt collection agencies in order to strengthen consumer protection. The aim of this study is to analyze the experience of foreign countries when regulating this area in order to help to decide if such kind of special legislation is needed in Lithuania, or if the current legal rules are able to solve those problems in accordance with social needs and the society's sense of justice. In case that a special legislation would be considered as relevant for Lithuania, the question arises, what can we learn from the good practices examples from abroad. In order to answer these questions this study analyses first, the meaning and definition of the debt collecting procedure and its possible impact on consumer rights, second, purposes to introduce the special legislation in Germany, Latvia and other European countries, third, the national approaches regarding states control over the debt collection agencies, forth, the national approaches regarding permissible amounts of expenses for recovery of a debt and the non-reimbursable expenses, fifth, other consumer rights protection measures such as right to the information and requirement for the communication culture with the consumers and sixth, the possible ways and suggestions for the improvement of the Lithuanian legal regime in area of extra-judicial debt collection related to the consumers. The conclusion was made that Lithuanian legislator in case that the study of factual situation would show that Lithuanian consumers face the same problems as consumers in other European countries should seriously consider the possibility of proposing solutions how to strengthen consumer rights in this area on the legislative niveau. By doing so Lithuanian legislator should weight the proportionality of the restrictions, because here an important issue is the conflict between the principle of social state and the fundamental right of entrepreneurship freedom.

Consumer rights protection in the extra-judicial debt collection procedures has become an increasingly acute legal and social problem during the recent years in various countries. Since 2008 economic crisis in countries in Europe, USA and others the consumers face the bitter consequences of over-indebtedness. So far, different methods of combating those problems have been applied in various European countries with ongoing legal discussion of whether more efficient methods should be employed. In the last 5 years some countries in Europe introduced the special legal regulations aimed at debt collection agencies in order to strengthen consumer protection. The aim of this study is to analyze the experience of foreign countries when regulating this area in order to help to decide if such kind of special legislation is needed in Lithuania, or if the current legal rules are able to solve those problems in accordance with social needs and the society's sense of justice. In case that a special legislation would be considered as relevant for Lithuania, the question arises, what can we learn from the good practices examples from abroad. In order to answer these questions this study analyses first, the meaning and definition of the debt collecting procedure and its possible impact on consumer rights, second, purposes to introduce the special legislation in Germany, Latvia and other European countries, third, the national approaches regarding states control over the debt collection agencies, forth, the national approaches regarding permissible amounts of expenses for recovery of a debt and the non-reimbursable expenses, fifth, other consumer rights protection measures such as right to the information and requirement for the communication culture with the consumers and sixth, the possible ways and suggestions for the improvement of the Lithuanian legal regime in area of extra-judicial debt collection related to the consumers. The conclusion was made that Lithuanian legislator in case that the study of factual situation would show that Lithuanian consumers face the same problems as consumers in other European countries should seriously consider the possibility of proposing solutions how to strengthen consumer rights in this area on the legislative niveau. By doing so Lithuanian legislator should weight the proportionality of the restrictions, because here an important issue is the conflict between the principle of social state and the fundamental right of entrepreneurship freedom.