Suchergebnisse

The following paper will introduce the general criteria on the Forest Fire Fighting (FFF) planning, with a focus on: 1) Historical facts; properties of the first planning; from fire control to fire management; from emergency model to risk reduction; revaluation of the traditional use of fire; from war on fire to cohabitation coexistence with fire; FST Fire Smart (Tedim et al.,. 2015); 2) FFF planning rules before the recent review. This analysis will show the reasons of the new planning setting for national parks, underlining the following requirements: - updating the manual and the technical standards, due to a new experience acquired; - plans standardization to allow plans comparison. The paper describes the review criteria and the new setting requirements either to show the job done by the planners, either to avoid the introduction of new planning method, which has not been sufficiently tested or is too difficult to apply. The starting point of this analysis will be the Forest Fire Fighting plan of each National Park. The results will show the most significant features and an overall opinion on the planning examined will follow. The plans schedule will describe which of plans is under review, previous examined and expired. A great focus will be on each different situation subjected to fire, from physiological problems to seriously pathological one. The main step of this paper will be the description of the advantages deriving from the risk analysis, the concept of critical fire, the objective selected with RASMAP, a reference of the environmental description of the territories (already debated in other planning papers). The setting of the new plans will be done showing: - the analysis of the Park fires; - the forecast and identification of the highest risk areas, with the help of cartography; - the objectives definition (RASMAP); - the planned interventions to achieve the RASMAP (the logical framework).

L'articolo è disponibile sul sito dell'editore www.sisef.it ; Land use inventories are sound measures to provide information on the area occupied by different land use or land cover types and their changes, although less widespread than traditional mapping; as such, they are distinctively wellestablished tools for generating statistics on the state and the dynamics of land use in the European Union. Italy has recently set up a land use inventory system (IUTI) as a key instrument for accounting removals and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) associated to land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities elected by Italy under the Kyoto Protocol. IUTI adopts a statistical sampling procedure to estimate the area covered by LULUCF land use categories in Italy, and associated uncertainty estimates. Estimates of land use have been so far processed for the period 1990-2008 and highlight three interlinked land use change patterns in Italy: (i) increase in forest land for a total uptake of 1.7% of the Italian territory; forest cover estimates, with a standard error of 0.1%, indicate an annual increase of forestland higher over the period 1990-2000 (32 901 ha year-1) than in 2000-2008 (22 857 ha year-1); surprisingly, also a significant deforestation rate is observed (-7000 ha year-1), due to forest land conversion mainly into artificial areas; (ii) consumption of arable land (-4.2% of the Italian territory) primarily due to land uptake by urban areas and to conversions to permanent crops (mainly orchards and vineyards); (iii) urban sprawl uptakes 1.6% of the Italian territory in this period, with a total coverage of settlements reaching 7.1% of total land surface in Italy in 2008. Overall, land use dynamic results in land uptake by forest land is of the same magnitude of land uptake by urban areas, but the effects of these processes on GHG removals (by forest sinks) and emissions (by urban areas) is expected to be significantly different. In a broader perspective, IUTI methodology, by providing reliable estimates and well-defined levels of statistical uncertainty for assessing stocks and flows of land use at national level, can be further implemented to frame other key questions for sustainable development policies, like the set up of environmental-economic accounting systems.

Le Strategie Europee per le Foreste per la Biodiversità e per il Suolo, insieme alla Strategia Forestale Nazionale, riconoscono l'importanza cruciale della gestione forestale sostenibile nell'affrontare nuove sfide. Queste sfide comprendono l'aumento della gravità e della frequenza di eventi di disturbo naturali, come tempeste di vento, siccità e pullulazioni di insetti, oltre alle diverse richieste sociali, a volte contrastanti tra loro, che i portatori di interesse hanno nei confronti della gestione forestale sostenibile e dei sistemi forestali. È quindi neccessario coinvolgere i proprietari forestali pubblici e privati, ma anche i vari portatori di interesse nel processo decisionale. In questo contesto, i Sistemi di Supporto alle Decisioni Forestali (SSDF) sono considerati strumenti utili per ottimizzare la gestione forestale e coinvolgere i vari attori, in quanto assistono gli utenti nei processi decisionali, tenendo conto di aspetti ambientali, economici, amministrativi, legali e sociali. In Europa, il Partenariato Europeo per l'Innovazione nel settore agricolo ha riconosciuto l'importanza dei SSDF e ha finanziato Gruppi Operativi (GO) per sviluppare soluzioni innovative. In regione Toscana, nell'ambito dei PEI-AGRI è stato finanziato il GO-SURF (Sistema di Supporto Decisionale alla Pianificazione Forestale Sostenibile) che ha sviluppato un SSDF basato su modellistica spaziale per supportare la gestione forestale sostenibile utilizzando un approccio partecipativo. In questo lavoro, viene presentata l'applicazione WebGIS "GO-SURF APP," che permette di estrarre informazioni su base spaziale relative alle diverse utilità ecosistemiche (provvigione legnosa, biomassa, incremento medio annuo e area basimetrica) e il processo partecipativo che ha guidato lo sviluppo e l'implementazione dell'SSDF. L'approccio partecipativo che ha coinvolto i diversi attori della gestione forestale ha consentito di identificare gli utenti dell'SSDF, i loro bisogni e di concordare sugli obiettivi del processo. Questo ha consentito di rendere accessibili i dati attraverso un sistema WEB-GIS sviluppato ad hoc per il mondo forestale e fruibile ad un ampio pubblico, contribuendo ad aumentare la conoscenza dei sistemi forestali in Toscana.