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The United Nations is no more than a very modest element in the whole complex body of institutions which form the structure of international relations. It may thus appear surprising that this organization should have been, and can still be, the object of such enthusiasm and such hate - of such admiration and such derision - and that the most contradictory opinions should daily be expressed on what it does, on its operation and its effectiveness, and on the steps which should be taken for its reform. It is impossible to understand this paradoxical situation without analyzing the interrelationships between ideas about peace - which were false since the beginning of the League of Nations, the manner in which these ideas have come to be embodied in a structure which prevented the institution from becoming a useful instrument of negotiation, and the accelerating rate of political change in the world, all of which make some suggest that the UN is becoming more and more irrelevant. Today, the UN touches on everything, but does not in any way give a response to the dream of peace which it was supposed to realize. Through a thorough analysis of the role of the League of Nations and of the UN in the field of security, an evaluation of their rare successes and their numerous failures, and a complete review of the activities of the organisation in the economic and social fields, Maurice Bertrand shows that there is a need today for a radical reform of the whole complex of global organizations. This work is a translated and updated edition of L'ONU, published by Editions la Découverte

Une tentative de réforme du Conseil de sécurité se poursuit depuis plus de cinq ans à l'Assemblée générale. Or aucune solution n'a été trouvée afin de résoudre les problèmes de la représentation plus équitable des États et de la sécurité collective. L'article argue que la cause de l'absence de solutions réside dans l'hypocrisie dans laquelle se complaisent les grandes puissances et en particulier les puissances nanties qui n'éprouvent aucune obligation véritable de procéder à une réforme véritable du Conseil de sécurité vu qu'elles ne sont confrontées à aucun danger substantiel éminent. Mais une étude systématique demeure nécessaire afin d'identifier les conditions véritables d'une réforme indispensable.

Der Verfasser setzt sich kritisch mit der Erfahrung der sozialistischen Entwicklungsalternative und mit den Grundzügen der Gesellschaftsentwicklung auseinander. Er untersucht die Triebkräfte der gesellschaftlichen Dynamik unter den Bedingungen der Globalisierung, vergleicht sie mit jenen des Modernisierungsprozesses und präsentiert die Konsequenzen gegenwärtiger Entwicklungen für das Bildungssystem. Sein Interesse gilt den sozialen Ungleichheiten im internationalen Maßstab sowie der Ökonomisierung der gesellschaftlichen Machtverhältnisse. Die Argumentation führt ihn zur Darstellung der Notwendigkeit eines strukturellen Wandels und der Entwicklung eines alternativen Weltbilds, das durch die Umgestaltung der ökonomischen Macht und eine Neudefinition der Demokratie gekennzeichnet ist. (ICG).

The UN and Global Security, by Maurice Bertrand
The présent collective security System suffers from the United States' hégémonie ambitions. Although the Europeans reject the UN being controlled by the United States, no initiative has been taken to remedy the situation. In particular, Europe's position is confused by a number of misconceptions about the UN as an institution: it is thought to be an inescapable player and to be reformable from within... but above ail, Europe reasons on the basis of an archaic concept of the collective security System, which sees the latter as being based on the notions of unpredictability of crises and use of force. Hence the aim for Europeans should be to define a new, more preventive and pragmatic security System.