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"This book introduces readers to the field of international environmental politics (IEP) through authoritative and up-to-date surveys of its major approaches and debates. The book is divided into three parts. The chapters in Part I provide comprehensive and pluralistic reviews stressing the diversity of the field's origins, theories, and methods. The remaining chapters are organized around key research areas and allow readers to become broadly familiar with the theoretical and substantive debates that characterize the field. In Part II, the authors review the theoretical and empirical trajectories of a given research area - international political economy, gender, knowledge, governance, transnational actors, and security - and present a short original case study to illuminate the main debates that emerge. Part III reflects on four distinct frameworks for evaluating IEP: effectiveness, transparency, sustainability, and justice. Collectively, the authors demonstrate how the field of IEP has evolved and identify key questions, topics, and approaches to guide future research. "--

Introduction to NGO diplomacy -- Analytical framework -- Environmental NGOs and the Kyoto protocol negotiations: 1995 to 1997 -- Non-state actors and the Cartagena protocol on biosafety -- NGO influence in the negotiations of the desertification convention -- Non-state influence in the international whaling commission, 1970 to 2006 -- NGO influence on international policy on forest conservation and the trade in forest products -- Reflections on the analytical framework and NGO diplomacy

There is a need to better understand the significance of NGOs in global environmental politics. Addressing a number of weaknesses in the current literature on NGOs, we have developed an analytical framework for analysis of NGO influence in international environmental negotiations. This paper demonstrates the utility of our framework by applying it to two cases: the negotiations of the Desertification Convention & of the Kyoto Protocol to the Climate Change Convention. We argue that the use of our research framework enables researchers to compare with confidence NGO influence across cases & that such comparison allows for a much needed examination of factors that explain variation in NGO influence in international environmental negotiations. Analysis of explanatory factors contributes to an improved understanding of the degree to which NGOs matter in global environmental policy making. 3 Tables, 24 References. Adapted from the source document.

Current literature on global environmental politics largely considers NGO influence implicit & unproblematic. Responding to several weaknesses in the literature, we propose a coherent research framework for assessing NGO influence in international environmental negotiations. We contend that influence can be said to have occurred when NGOs intentionally transmit information that alters the behavior of negotiators, & call for collecting & analyzing evidence of NGO influence in a more systematic fashion. Our framework, which relies on the use of multiple data types, sources, & methods, controls for over-determination & allows researchers to identify, with a sound degree of confidence, instances of NGO influence in international environmental negotiations. The resulting comparability provides a basis for analysis of NGO influence across cases, & ultimately contributes to better understanding of the variation of NGO influence in global environmental politics. 1 Table, 59 References. Adapted from the source document.

The modern era is facing unprecedented governance challenges in striving to achieve long-term sustainability goals and to limit human impacts on the Earth system. This volume synthesizes a decade of multidisciplinary research into how diverse actors exercise authority in environmental decision making, and their capacity to deliver effective, legitimate and equitable Earth system governance. Actors from the global to the local level are considered, including governments, international organizations and corporations. Chapters cover how state and non-state actors engage with decision-making processes, the relationship between agency and structure, and the variations in governance and agency across different spheres and tiers of society. Providing an overview of the major questions, issues and debates, as well as the theories and methods used in studies of agency in earth system governance, this book provides a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers, as well as practitioners and policy makers working in environmental governance.