Suchergebnisse

1. A Survey of the Theoretical Literature on Rural-Urban Migration -- 2. A Model of a Less Developed Country (LDC): The Static Analysis -- 3. A Model of a Less Developed Country: The Dynamic Analysis -- 4. Further Implications -- 5. A Model of Optimal Development with an Informal Sector -- 6. A Model of a Developed Country (the DC Model) -- 7. The Open Economy Considerations in the DC and LDC Models -- 8. A Test of Two Rival Migration Models -- 9. The Role of the Informal Sector in Structural Transformation: Some Indian Evidence -- 10. The Informal Sector and Rural-to-Urban Migration in India -- 11. Urbanisation and Rural-to-Urban Migration in Developing Countries.

The aim of this article is to study inequality and deprivations as reflected in the human sex ratio (commonly defined as the number of males per 100 females). The particular focus is on three emerging economies – Russia, India and China. The article compares and contrasts the experiences of these countries and discusses policy issues. It is noted that while the feminist perspective on the issues surrounding the sex ratio is important, it would be wrong to view these issues always or exclusively through the prism of that perspective. It is also suggested that India and China probably have better prospects of sustained economic growth in the foreseeable future than does Russia.

This article highlights certain facts about the sex ratio (the number of females per thousand males) of the population in some Indian states, especially in the north-east of the country. The states in the north-east are ethnically, linguistically and culturally very distinct from the other states of India. We note that while female children survive better in this region than elsewhere in India, women in the older age group seem to fare worse than men in these states. Some hypotheses are offered to explain sex ratios in these states.

AbstractThis paper provides a test—using an India data set—of both the Todaro‐type probabilistic models of migration and a distinctly different view of the labour migration process which sees the rural–urban migration flow as consisting of two distinct streams, with separate incentives—one group migrating to the informal sector where wages are competitively determined and the other group to the formal sector with jobs mostly prearranged (and with rural–urban migration not contributing to an increase in unemployment in any meaningful sense). The policy implications of this alternative view of the labour migration process are clearly substantially different from those derived from the Todaro and the Harris–Todaro‐type models. The evidence presented in this paper are seen to support this alternative view. The paper also considers the role of the social factors in migration decisions and examines the extent to which the variables which explain the migration for employment also explain the migration behaviour of those who gave various reasons other than employment for migration. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This note sketches out the likely effects of a wage subsidy in a model of LDC which systematically incorporates an Informal sector. It is seen that the effects of a wage subsidy in this model differ considerably from those derived in the Harris‐Todaro‐type frameworks. Also, the ranking policies to improve welfare is likely to be considerably different in this model compared to this in the Harris‐Todaro‐type models.

Reviews the literature on economic development and discusses the growth performance of developing countries over the last 40 years. Comments on the relationship between agriculture and industry and considers the relationship between state, development strategies and international trade. Reviews concerns regarding non‐renewable resources and environmental degradation in the context of growth. Discusses changes in world economy brought about by less developed countries transforming into newly industrializing countries, highlighting mechanisms for the relative rise and decline of nations in the world economy.