Suchergebnisse

The article refers to an analysis and an evaluation of changes in the technical infrastructure and housing in the rural areas of Poland in the years 1995–2008. The article covers all rural and rural–urban (excluding urban parts) gminas1 in Poland that altogether amounts to 2,172 units (as of 2008). It was stated that in the rural areas in Poland a population density increased and it is caused mainly by dynamic suburbanisation processes and by a population movement from cities and towns towards suburban gminas, and in a lesser degree by natural increase. In the article the spatial variations of rural gminas were presented in the following elements: length of the water-line and sewerage networks per 100 km2; share of water-line and of sewerage systems' users, number of dwellings per 1,000 population, number of rooms per person, the usable floor space of a dwelling in m2 per person, share of dwellings fitted with water-line system and share of dwellings equipped with flush toilet and bathroom. It is also shown that there are relationships between population density and infrastructure and housing elements by providing positive as well as negative correlations. JEL Classification: R11

Cuiavia is one of the oldest historical regions in Poland characterized by diverse physical and geographical conditions, as well as different administrative and historical past. The aim of this paper is to present the impact of historical and administrative divisions, as well as diverse socio-economic and political transformations that in a significant way influenced the diversity of social and economical features of Eastern and Western Cuiavia. Against such a background different development directions will be discussed.

Cuiavia is one of the oldest historical regions in Poland characterized by diverse physical and geographical conditions, as well as different administrative and historical past. The aim of this paper is to present the impact of historical and administrative divisions, as well as diverse socio-economic and political transformations that in a significant way influenced the diversity of social and economical features of Eastern and Western Cuiavia. Against such a background different development directions will be discussed.

Cuiavia is one of the oldest historical regions in Poland characterized by diverse physical and geographical conditions, as well as different administrative and historical past. The aim of this paper is to present the impact of historical and administrative divisions, as well as diverse socio-economic and political transformations that in a significant way influenced the diversity of social and economical features of Eastern and Western Cuiavia. Against such a background different development directions will be discussed.

Systemy roweru publicznego rozwijają się jako środek transportu w miastach, stanowiąc zrównoważoną alternatywę dla transportu zmotoryzowanego. Rozwiązanie to ewoluowało na przestrzeni lat, przechodząc od lat 60. XX w. do współczesności przez różne etapy rozwoju. Poszczególne generacje systemów roweru publicznego odpowiadały na potrzeby oraz możliwości techniczne swoich czasów – od niezabezpieczonych, udostępnianych mieszkańcom na zasadzie zaufania społecznego, rowerów 1. generacji, do wyposażonych w zabezpieczenia i zaawansowane rozwiązania mobilne rowerów 4. generacji. Systemy roweru publicznego, niezależnie od generacji, wpisują się także w założenia gospodarki współdzielenia (sharing economy), zakładającej możliwość wspólnego korzystania z tych samych dóbr przez wielu użytkowników.
W artykule przedstawiono przykład wdrożenia w 2017 r. systemu roweru publicznego w Krotoszynie (województwo wielkopolskie) opartego na zasadach 1. generacji, znanych z lat 60. XX w. Dokonano ponadto oceny, czy wprowadzenie systemu roweru publicznego opartego na zaufaniu wobec mieszkańców może zakończyć się powodzeniem. Jak wykazano, rozwiązania te oparte są na kilku istotnych filarach, w tym doświadczeniu samorządu lokalnego, racjonalnej kalkulacji i planowaniu oraz edukacji społeczeństwa.

In the globalized world, large and small cities compete with each other in attracting new investments, capital and inhabitants. In the search for successful paths by cities, the cultural sector has been seen as a chance by western countries since the 1970s. In the post-socialist countries, a growing interest in the cultural sector in the context of the socio-economic development of cities and regions has been also observed in recent years. The studies on the impact of culture on economic development focus mainly on largest cities, while smaller cities more and more often attempt to implement patterns based on the cultural sector to their own strategies. They take such actions because the cultural sector is generally considered to have a positive impact on socio-economic development through, among others, the creation of new jobs, the improvement of city image, the attraction of new investments, the increase in the residents' quality of life, etc. The main aim of this study is the analysis of the expectations and the potential impact a cultural event may have on the development of a small city from the perspective of local business. For the purposes of the study we have chosen a small city located in Central Poland, named Gniewkowo, with population number amounting to 7.5 thousand inhabitants. In the small city the festival of progressive rock has been organized cyclically since 2007. It should be emphasized that progressive rock, which was created in the 1960s and originated from psychedelic rock, is addressed to a relatively small group of people. Despite the above-mentioned fact, the Tomasz Beksiński Festival of Progressive Rock in Gniewkowo annually attracts many fans not only from Poland but also from abroad. This cultural event is a classic example of a local grass-root initiative because the inhabitants of Gniewkowo are the initiators and the organizers of the festival. They have also created a non-governmental organization based only on their fascination with this kind of music and their own intellectual capital. In order to realize the aim of the study we have conducted interviews with representatives of local governments supporting the event. In the interviews we asked questions about the expected economic benefits for the city. We have also carried out a questionnaire survey among the owners of selected firms active in the field of hotel, catering and trade services in Gniewkowo in 2014. The survey refers to the assessment of the impact of the analyzed festival on the financial condition of these firms. The collected data will enable us to confront the expectations of local governments with the real impact of the festival on the development of local firms. The study reflects a research trend describing the cultural sector in the economic development of cities and regions (culture-led development). The results of the study will contribute to recognizing the role of culture and the significance of non-governmental organizations for the sustainable development of the smallest cities.

AbstractDeparting from the idea that cultural mechanisms are capable of allowing for conceptual dichotomies to create oppression, this paper challenges the engrained tradition of using 'urban/rural' as guiding labels in societal organisation when seen through the prism of deprivation. Two Polish deprivation‐ridden estates – one 'urban' and one 'rural' – were investigated. Having taken account of the residents' everyday lives in the socio‐economic, material and discursive dimensions, our findings indicate that the notions of rurality and urbanity imbricate and leapfrog meaningful territories at the local level. Realising the danger of deploying stereotypes as beacons in governance, from this richly contextualised account we draw that many problems today are space‐independent and cannot be attenuated by following development paths reinvented in the name of empirically questionable yet culturally sustained and politically ontologised spatialities. This, then, calls for rethinking both the discursivity and the elusiveness of rural‐urban thinking in the context of deprivation.

It is widely accepted that the cultural sector and the creative sector have an impact on the socio-economic revival of cities. They create urban images, form a specific creative milieu, generate new jobs, and organize urban space. The above-mentioned observations have been mainly referred to the largest cities. So far, small cities have not been the subject of similar considerations. As many studies have shown in recent years, the potential of culture for socio-economic development in small cities has been noticed more and more often. It refers mainly to countries in Western Europe or in North America where generally, in the 1980s, the cultural sector was perceived as a remedy for the problems of post-industrial cities. This paper discusses the role of culture in the development of small cities in Poland, i.e. in a country in which only after 1989 is it possible to consider local development managed by local communities. The paper aims at showing how local governments of small cities in Poland perceive the role of culture in their development. The study is based on the analysis of strategic documents dedicated to the development of individual cities. When analysed, strategic documents clearly indicate that local authorities in every city use and are planning to further use different types of cultural activities for the enhancement or development of selected elements included in the broadly-understood socio-economic development; however, only few small cities notice the wide array of opportunities for making the cultural sector a base for socio-economic development.

It is widely accepted that the cultural sector and the creative sector have an impact on the socio-economic revival of cities. They create urban images, form a specific creative milieu, generate new jobs, and organize urban space. The above-mentioned observations have been mainly referred to the largest cities. So far, small cities have not been the subject of similar considerations. As many studies have shown in recent years, the potential of culture for socio-economic development in small cities has been noticed more and more often. It refers mainly to countries in Western Europe or in North America where generally, in the 1980s, the cultural sector was perceived as a remedy for the problems of post-industrial cities. This paper discusses the role of culture in the development of small cities in Poland, i.e. in a country in which only after 1989 is it possible to consider local development managed by local communities. The paper aims at showing how local governments of small cities in Poland perceive the role of culture in their development. The study is based on the analysis of strategic documents dedicated to the development of individual cities. When analysed, strategic documents clearly indicate that local authorities in every city use and are planning to further use different types of cultural activities for the enhancement or development of selected elements included in the broadly-understood socio-economic development; however, only few small cities notice the wide array of opportunities for making the cultural sector a base for socio-economic development.

It is widely accepted that the cultural sector and the creative sector have an impact on the socio-economic revival of cities. They create urban images, form a specific creative milieu, generate new jobs, and organize urban space. The above-mentioned observations have been mainly referred to the largest cities. So far, small cities have not been the subject of similar considerations. As many studies have shown in recent years, the potential of culture for socio-economic development in small cities has been noticed more and more often. It refers mainly to countries in Western Europe or in North America where generally, in the 1980s, the cultural sector was perceived as a remedy for the problems of post-industrial cities. This paper discusses the role of culture in the development of small cities in Poland, i.e. in a country in which only after 1989 is it possible to consider local development managed by local communities. The paper aims at showing how local governments of small cities in Poland perceive the role of culture in their development. The study is based on the analysis of strategic documents dedicated to the development of individual cities. When analysed, strategic documents clearly indicate that local authorities in every city use and are planning to further use different types of cultural activities for the enhancement or development of selected elements included in the broadly-understood socio-economic development; however, only few small cities notice the wide array of opportunities for making the cultural sector a base for socio-economic development.

This paper seeks to analyse directions in foreign trade in the post communist countries of Europe over the years 2000–2012 in the context of changes observed in other EU states. It was assumed that changes in the directions of foreign trade in post-communist states would be similar to those noted in Western Europe. On the basis of data derived from the OECD, EUROSTAT and OECD-WTO we show that the trading rules used by the old EU-15 adopted by those countries have brought them measurable benefits. As a result, the post-communist economies have become similar to those of the EU-15. Considering the structure of their trade and links with the EU-15, it is apparent that they have become the main trading and investment partners for the European Union. Hence, their integration with the EU structures made their development faster, but also made them more sensitive to industrial and demand shocks coming from the eurozone. It is predicted that the present model is not going to change, especially in the context of the participation in production networks.

This paper seeks to analyse directions in foreign trade in the post-communist countries of Europe over the years 2000–2012 in the context of changes observed in other EU states. It was assumed that changes in the directions of foreign trade in post-communist states would be similar to those noted in Western Europe. On the basis of data derived from the OECD, EUROSTAT and OECD-WTO we show that the trading rules used by the old EU-15 adopted by those countries have brought them measurable benefits. As a result, the post-communist economies have become similar to those of the EU-15. Considering the structure of their trade and links with the EU-15, it is apparent that they have become the main trading and investment partners for the European Union. Hence, their integration with the EU structures made their development faster, but also made them more sensitive to industrial and demand shocks coming from the eurozone. It is predicted that the present model is not going to change, especially in the context of the participation in production networks.

The paper is an attempt of an answer how belonging to different political, economical and cultural structures has influenced diverse population processes and structures and their spatial diversity. As an example to the research of these phenomena there was chosen Germany that until 1990 were two separated socio-political and economical formations (the German Democratic Republic (GDR ) and the Federal Republic of Germany FRG ). This state, with a population number about 82 millions presently, as it turns out – besides passage of time – is characterized all the time by some diversity of procreation behaviors, population processes and structures in the Eastern (Ost) and the Western part (West) of Germany. It is claimed, the structures are going to some similarities, but the 15 years period (1990–2005) was too short to level all stated demographical differences and trends (1).

The paper is an attempt of an answer how belonging to different political, economical and cultural structures has influenced diverse population processes and structures and their spatial diversity. As an example to the research of these phenomena there was chosen Germany that until 1990 were two separated socio-political and economical formations (the German Democratic Republic (GDR ) and the Federal Republic of Germany FRG ). This state, with a population number about 82 millions presently, as it turns out – besides passage of time – is characterized all the time by some diversity of procreation behaviors, population processes and structures in the Eastern (Ost) and the Western part (West) of Germany. It is claimed, the structures are going to some similarities, but the 15 years period (1990–2005) was too short to level all stated demographical differences and trends ; Stefania Środa-Murawska