Suchergebnisse

International audience ; The recognition of geographical indications (GIs) by the World Trade Organization (WTO) has led many countries to establish a specific legal framework to protect their traditional local products, whether agricultural, foodstuff or handicraft. These changes are taking place within a heterogeneous international legal context. The European Union, for example, only protects GIs for agricultural products and foodstuffs. This regulation deprives designations of traditional handicraft goods, which are numerous in the countries of the South, of protection on the European market, and fosters risks of misuse. Historical analysis of the protection of GIs and practices in Europe and India nevertheless show that there is no justification for treating products differently according to their nature. Hence the proposal to create a new international and European legal framework based on the strength of the link between the product and its geographical origin. The strength of this link would be assessed using criteria pertaining to natural and human factors, whether individually or combined, which are relevant whatever the product is. ; La reconnaissance des indications géographiques (IG) par l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) a conduit de nombreux pays à mettre en place un cadre juridique spécifique pour protéger leurs produits traditionnels localisés, qu'ils soient agricoles ou artisanaux. Ces évolutions s'inscrivent dans un contexte juridique international hétérogène. Ainsi, l'Union européenne ne protège que les IG désignant des produits agricoles et alimentaires. Cette réglementation prive les appellations de produits artisanaux, nombreux dans les pays du Sud, d'une protection sur le marché européen, et autorise les risques d'usurpation. L'analyse historique de la protection des IG et des pratiques en Europe et en Inde montre pourtant qu'un traitement différent selon la nature du produit ne se justifie pas. D'où la proposition de créer un nouveau régime juridique international et européen fondé ...

International audience ; The recognition of geographical indications (GIs) by the World Trade Organization (WTO) has led many countries to establish a specific legal framework to protect their traditional local products, whether agricultural, foodstuff or handicraft. These changes are taking place within a heterogeneous international legal context. The European Union, for example, only protects GIs for agricultural products and foodstuffs. This regulation deprives designations of traditional handicraft goods, which are numerous in the countries of the South, of protection on the European market, and fosters risks of misuse. Historical analysis of the protection of GIs and practices in Europe and India nevertheless show that there is no justification for treating products differently according to their nature. Hence the proposal to create a new international and European legal framework based on the strength of the link between the product and its geographical origin. The strength of this link would be assessed using criteria pertaining to natural and human factors, whether individually or combined, which are relevant whatever the product is. ; La reconnaissance des indications géographiques (IG) par l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) a conduit de nombreux pays à mettre en place un cadre juridique spécifique pour protéger leurs produits traditionnels localisés, qu'ils soient agricoles ou artisanaux. Ces évolutions s'inscrivent dans un contexte juridique international hétérogène. Ainsi, l'Union européenne ne protège que les IG désignant des produits agricoles et alimentaires. Cette réglementation prive les appellations de produits artisanaux, nombreux dans les pays du Sud, d'une protection sur le marché européen, et autorise les risques d'usurpation. L'analyse historique de la protection des IG et des pratiques en Europe et en Inde montre pourtant qu'un traitement différent selon la nature du produit ne se justifie pas. D'où la proposition de créer un nouveau régime juridique international et européen fondé sur la force du lien entre le produit et son lieu d'origine. La force du lien à l'origine serait évaluée à l'aide de critères relevant de facteurs naturels et de facteurs humains, pris seuls ou combinés, critères pertinents quel que soit le produit.

This book contributes to the literature on Geographical Indications (GIs) by providing key theoretical reflections from a five-year review process on the potential of GIs for agri-food products in Southern Africa. The contributors reflect on diverse GI processes and dynamics which operate at the local, national and international levels, thus enriching the understanding of GI dynamics and of the variety of policy options available for GI protection in Southern countries. Following a discussion of the legal framework and governance of national GI schemes in Southern countries, the book emphasizes the main dimensions underlying the development of GIs and their potential for enhancing sustainable rural development and market access in particular. This provides the structure for the chapters that build on the different experiences of Southern African industries that have embarked on GI strategies. The book includes chapters on designing an appropriate legal framework and governance system for the development of GIs in Southern countries.

International audience ; Decentralization and people's participation have been key features of government environmental policy since the 1990s. In Madagascar, the policy of Secured Local Management of Natural Resources, known as the GELOSE act, has created a framework for the transfer of rights from central government to local communities. This article analyses the practical implementation of this policy by focusing on the nature of the rights transferred and on the nature of the contracts and incentives developed. The Aghion and Tirole model for allocation of formal and real authority in an organization is used to shed light on the contractual definition process and on the trade-offs between giving responsibilities to local communities and losing control over natural resources management. It is shown that a congruence of interests between the parties is crucial for effective delegation of authority to local communities and that this congruence may emerge in relation to the transfer of exclusion rights

International audience ; Decentralization and people's participation have been key features of government environmental policy since the 1990s. In Madagascar, the policy of Secured Local Management of Natural Resources, known as the GELOSE act, has created a framework for the transfer of rights from central government to local communities. This article analyses the practical implementation of this policy by focusing on the nature of the rights transferred and on the nature of the contracts and incentives developed. The Aghion and Tirole model for allocation of formal and real authority in an organization is used to shed light on the contractual definition process and on the trade-offs between giving responsibilities to local communities and losing control over natural resources management. It is shown that a congruence of interests between the parties is crucial for effective delegation of authority to local communities and that this congruence may emerge in relation to the transfer of exclusion rights

International audience ; Decentralization and people's participation have been key features of government environmental policy since the 1990s. In Madagascar, the policy of Secured Local Management of Natural Resources, known as the GELOSE act, has created a framework for the transfer of rights from central government to local communities. This article analyses the practical implementation of this policy by focusing on the nature of the rights transferred and on the nature of the contracts and incentives developed. The Aghion and Tirole model for allocation of formal and real authority in an organization is used to shed light on the contractual definition process and on the trade-offs between giving responsibilities to local communities and losing control over natural resources management. It is shown that a congruence of interests between the parties is crucial for effective delegation of authority to local communities and that this congruence may emerge in relation to the transfer of exclusion rights

International audience ; Decentralization and people's participation have been key features of government environmental policy since the 1990s. In Madagascar, the policy of Secured Local Management of Natural Resources, known as the GELOSE act, has created a framework for the transfer of rights from central government to local communities. This article analyses the practical implementation of this policy by focusing on the nature of the rights transferred and on the nature of the contracts and incentives developed. The Aghion and Tirole model for allocation of formal and real authority in an organization is used to shed light on the contractual definition process and on the trade-offs between giving responsibilities to local communities and losing control over natural resources management. It is shown that a congruence of interests between the parties is crucial for effective delegation of authority to local communities and that this congruence may emerge in relation to the transfer of exclusion rights