Who are the chronic poor?: evidence on the extent and the composition of chronk poverty in Germany
In: Diskussionspapiere 350
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In: Diskussionspapiere 350
A considerable part of the poverty that is measured in a single period is transitory rather than persistent. In most countries, only a portion of people who are currently poor are persistently poor. People who are persistently poor or who cycle into and out of poverty should be the main focus of anti-poverty policies. Understanding the characteristics of the persistently poor, and the circumstances and mechanisms associated with entry into and exit from poverty, can help to inform governments about options to reduce persistent poverty. Differences in poverty persistence across countries can shed additional light on possible sources of poverty persistence.
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In: Journal of development economics, Band 70, Heft 2, S. 543-548
ISSN: 0304-3878
In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 6730
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In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 12236
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Working paper
In: The B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy, Band 18, Heft 2
ISSN: 1935-1682
Abstract
We analyze individual career transitions of men and women in Germany. Our particular focus is on the association of upward, downward and horizontal job changes with individual fertility. In contrast to most of the literature, we focus on potential rather than realized fertility. Based on mixed multivariate proportional hazard models with competing risks, we find a significant negative relationship between the contemporaneous probability of having a child and horizontal career transitions for women and a positive significant association of the hazard of parenthood with upward career transitions for men. These effects persist when we apply fixed-effects panel data models allowing for correlation of individual parenthood hazards with unobserved individual characteristics. Our results suggest clear gender differences in the relationship between career patterns and potential fertility.
In: Economics of education review, Band 56, S. 80-94
ISSN: 0272-7757
In: IZA world of labor: evidence-based policy making
In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 13613
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Working paper
In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 9699
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In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 11634
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Working paper
In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 11072
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