Suchergebnisse

Despite the existence of well-established international environmental and nature conservation policies (e.g., the Ramsar Convention and Convention on Biological Diversity) ponds are largely missing from national and international legislation and policy frameworks. Ponds are among the most biodiverse and ecologically important freshwater habitats, and their value lies not only in individual ponds, but more importantly, in networks of ponds (pondscapes). Ponds make an important contribution to society through the ecosystem services they provide, with effective conservation of pondscapes essential to ensuring that these services are maintained. Implementation of current pond conservation through individual site designations does not function at the landscape scale, where ponds contribute most to biodiversity. Conservation and management of pondscapes should complement current national and international nature conservation and water policy/legislation, as pondscapes can provide species protection in landscapes where large-scale traditional conservation areas cannot be established (e.g., urban or agricultural landscapes). We propose practical steps for the effective incorporation or enhancement of ponds within five policy areas: through open water sustainable urban drainage systems in urban planning, increased incentives in agri-environment schemes, curriculum inclusion in education, emphasis on ecological scale in mitigation measures following anthropogenic developments, and the inclusion of pondscapes in conservation policy.

Within Latin America, about 319 volcanoes have been active in the Holocene, but 202 of these volcanoes have no seismic, deformation or gas monitoring. Following the 2012 Santorini Report on satellite Earth Observation and Geohazards, the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) developed a 4-year pilot project (2013-2017) to demonstrate how satellite observations can be used to monitor large numbers of volcanoes cost-effectively, particularly in areas with scarce instrumentation and/or difficult access. The pilot aims to improve disaster risk management (DRM) by working directly with the volcano observatories that are governmentally responsible for volcano monitoring as well as with the international space agencies (ESA, CSA, ASI, DLR, JAXA, NASA, CNES). The goal is to make sure that the most useful data are collected at each volcano following the guidelines of the Santorini report that observation frequency is related to volcano activity, and to communicate the results to the local institutions in a timely fashion. Here we highlight how coordinated multi-satellite observations have been used by volcano observatories to monitor volcanoes and respond to crises. Our primary tool is measurements of ground deformation made by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), which have been used in conjunction with other observations to determine the alert level at these volcanoes, served as an independent check on ground sensors, guided the deployment of ground instruments, and aided situational awareness. During this time period, we find 26 volcanoes deforming, including 18 of the 28 volcanoes that erupted – those eruptions without deformation were less than 2 on the VEI scale. Another 7 volcanoes were restless and the volcano observatories requested satellite observations, but no deformation was detected. We describe the lessons learned about the data products and information that are most needed by the volcano observatories in the different countries using information collected by questionnaires. We ...

Within Latin America, about 319 volcanoes have been active in the Holocene, but 202 of these volcanoes have no seismic, deformation or gas monitoring. Following the 2012 Santorini Report on satellite Earth Observation and Geohazards, the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) developed a 4-year pilot project (2013-2017) to demonstrate how satellite observations can be used to monitor large numbers of volcanoes cost-effectively, particularly in areas with scarce instrumentation and/or difficult access. The pilot aims to improve disaster risk management (DRM) by working directly with the volcano observatories that are governmentally responsible for volcano monitoring as well as with the international space agencies (ESA, CSA, ASI, DLR, JAXA, NASA, CNES). The goal is to make sure that the most useful data are collected at each volcano following the guidelines of the Santorini report that observation frequency is related to volcano activity, and to communicate the results to the local institutions in a timely fashion. Here we highlight how coordinated multi-satellite observations have been used by volcano observatories to monitor volcanoes and respond to crises. Our primary tool is measurements of ground deformation made by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), which have been used in conjunction with other observations to determine the alert level at these volcanoes, served as an independent check on ground sensors, guided the deployment of ground instruments, and aided situational awareness. During this time period, we find 26 volcanoes deforming, including 18 of the 28 volcanoes that erupted – those eruptions without deformation were less than 2 on the VEI scale. Another 7 volcanoes were restless and the volcano observatories requested satellite observations, but no deformation was detected. We describe the lessons learned about the data products and information that are most needed by the volcano observatories in the different countries using information collected by questionnaires. We propose a practical strategy for regional to global satellite volcano monitoring for use by volcano observatories in Latin America and elsewhere to realize the vision of the Santorini report. ; Por pares

1. Letter discussing proposed appointment of Sinclair A. Wilson's brother, Charles Wilson, to the Advisory Research Council's recreation and wildlife committees; 2. Correspondence discussing Curry County Planning Commission's proposed bill and creation of committee to study Curry County land use; 3. Correspondence discussing proposed forest and rural zoning law bills; 4. Letter discussing Special Advisory Committee for Curry County Land Use Study; 5. Letter discussing proposed appointment of Charles Wilson to the Advisory Research Council's recreation and wildlife committees; 6. Correspondence discussing maps of bird refuges; 7. Letter and program discussing Commonwealth Conference at the University of Oregon; 8. Correspondence discussing proposed appointment of Charles Wilson to the Advisory Research Council's recreation and wildlife committees; 9. Correspondence and petition to prohibit Rogue River pollution from placer mining; 10. Brief letter acknowledging correspondence sent by William Finley; 11. Letter discussing petition to prohibit Rogue River pollution from placer mining; 12. Correspondence calling for Advisory Committee on Rural Land Zoning meeting; 13. Letter discussing Urban Land Utilization Committee and report, "A master plan for Portland"; 14. Letter discussing formation and responsibilities of committee on securing recreational areas; 15. "Preliminary table of contents for drainage basin reports for each major drainage basin"; 16. Correspondence discussing zoning laws regarding rural land uses; 17. Letter discussing responsibilities of Sinclair A. Wilson following Rural Zoning Committee meeting; 18. Letter discussing copy of "The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science" received by the Rural Land Zoning Committee; 19. Letter discussing project to study land owned by Douglas County for possible recreational use; 20. Letter and lists discussing work being completed by the Oregon State Planning Board; 21. Correspondence and excerpts from conference proceedings discussing zoning laws in different states; 22. Letter discussing Douglas County Planning Commission meetings and plans, including a proposed public campground; 23. Letter discussing Oregon State Planning Board meeting; 24. Letter discussing National Resources Committee study of drainage basins; 25. Correspondence and copies of bills passed by Washington legislature discussing forestry, duties of commissions, and acquisition of land; 26. Agenda for meeting of Advisory Committee on Water Resources with S. B. Morris, Regional Water Consultant; 27. List of Oregon's major drainage basins; 28. Correspondence and minutes for Rural Land Zoning Committee; 29. Letter discussing "Stream improvement in national forests" report; 30. Report focusing on the status of Oregon forests, including natural and man-made dangers and recommendations for future conservation; 31. Letter requesting information about Advisory Committee on Wild Life; 32. Correspondence discussing letters of appointment to the Advisory Committee on Wild Life