Suchergebnisse

Question grids are common on Web surveys, and studies show that grids can affect how respondents complete surveys. However, there is little research that investigates the effects of grids on Web surveys completed on mobile devices. In this article, we evaluate the effects of question grids on response quality and measurement error for surveys taken on phones or tablets. Our study draws on a probabilistic Web survey. The survey included an experiment in which respondents were assigned to one of three question format conditions: one large grid, two small grids, or single item per page. We analyze how question grids affect response times and nondifferentiation as well as explore the interaction effects between grids and devices. Reductions in time associated with question grids were greater for surveys completed on mobile devices as opposed to those completed on computers. Likewise, the increases in nondifferentiation associated with question grids were greater for surveys completed on mobile devices. We find that effects of question grids on responses in Web surveys can differ across devices, and so researchers should be cautious of using grids on Web surveys as more people opt to do surveys on phones or tablets.

Abstract
Recent studies consistently showed that making cash visible with a windowed envelope during mail contact increases response rates in surveys. The visible cash aims to pique interest and encourage sampled households to open the envelope. This article extends prior research by examining the effect of additional interventions implemented during mail recruitment to a survey panel on recruitment rates and costs. Specifically, we implemented randomized experiments to examine size (small, large) and location (none, front, back) of the window displaying cash, combined with what part of the cash is shown through the window envelope (numeric amount, face/image), and various prepaid incentive amounts (two $1, one $2, one $5). We used the recruitment effort for NORC's AmeriSpeak Panel as the data source for this study. The probability-based AmeriSpeak Panel uses an address-based sample and multiple modes of respondent contact, including mail, phone, and in-person outreach during recruitment. Our results were consistent with prior research and showed significant improvement in recruitment rates when cash was displayed through a window during mail contact. We also found that placing the window on the front of the envelope, showing $5 through the envelope compared to $2 and $1, and showing the tender amount compared to the image on the cash through the window were more likely to improve the recruitment rates. Our cost analyses illustrated that the cost difference in printing window versus no window envelope is small. There is no difference in printing cost between front window and back window as they both require custom manufacturing. There is also no cost difference in printing envelopes with small windows versus large windows. Lastly, we found no evidence of mail theft based on our review of the United States Postal Service's "track and trace" reports, seed mailings sent to staff, and undeliverable mailing rates.

Abstract
Big data has been fruitfully leveraged as a supplement for survey data—and sometimes as its replacement—and in the best of worlds, as a "force multiplier" to improve survey analytics and insight. We detail a use case, the big data classifier (BDC), as a replacement to the more traditional methods of targeting households in survey sampling for given specific household and personal attributes. Much like geographic targeting and the use of commercial vendor flags, we detail the ability of BDCs to predict the likelihood that any given household is, for example, one that contains a child or someone who is Hispanic. We specifically build 15 BDCs with the combined data from a large nationally representative probability-based panel and a range of big data from public and private sources, and then assess the effectiveness of these BDCs to successfully predict their range of predicted attributes across three large survey datasets. For each BDC and each data application, we compare the relative effectiveness of the BDCs against historical sample targeting techniques of geographic clustering and vendor flags. Overall, BDCs offer a modest improvement in their ability to target subpopulations. We find classes of predictions that are consistently more effective, and others where the BDCs are on par with vendor flagging, though always superior to geographic clustering. We present some of the relative strengths and weaknesses of BDCs as a new method to identify and subsequently sample low incidence and other populations.

Interkultureller Kontakt ist ein gut untersuchtes Phänomen und im Kontext von Migration von besonderer Relevanz. Die Forschung auf diesem Gebiet behandelt Immigrant*innen jedoch häufig als unabhängige Einheiten und lässt ihre Rolle in sozialen Strukturen außer Acht. Ein Ansatz, der der komplexen Dynamik und den Wechselbeziehungen, die den Akkulturationsprozessen der Einwandernden zugrunde liegen, Rechnung tragen kann, ist der Ansatz der sozialen Netzwerke. Wir veranschaulichen den Wert der Einbeziehung einer persönlichen sozialen Netzwerkperspektive in die Untersuchung interkultureller Kontakte anhand von zwei Beispielen: (1) Eritreische und syrische Geflüchtete in Deutschland und (2) ecuadorianische, marokkanische, pakistanische und rumänische Immigrant*innen in Barcelona, Spanien. Wir schließen mit einigen Gedanken zu den konzeptionellen und methodischen Vorteilen des Ansatzes der sozialen Netzwerke und Überlegungen zu den politischen Implikationen.

Intercultural contact is a well-studied phenomenon and particularly relevant in the context of migration. However, research in this field often treats immigrants as independent entities and ignores their role in social structures. An approach that can account for the complex dynamics and relational interdependencies underlying immigrants' acculturation processes is the social network approach. We illustrate the value of bringing in a personal social network perspective to the study of intercultural contact with two cases: (1) Eritrean and Syrian refugees in Germany and (2) Ecuadorian, Moroccan, Pakistani, and Romanian immigrants in Barcelona, Spain. We conclude with some thoughts on the conceptual and methodological benefits of the social network approach and some reflections on policy implications.

Interkultureller Kontakt ist ein gut untersuchtes Phänomen und im Kontext von Migration von besonderer Relevanz. Die Forschung auf diesem Gebiet behandelt Immigrant*innen jedoch häufig als unabhängige Einheiten und lässt ihre Rolle in sozialen Strukturen außer Acht. Ein Ansatz, der der komplexen Dynamik und den Wechselbeziehungen, die den Akkulturationsprozessen der Einwandernden zugrunde liegen, Rechnung tragen kann, ist der Ansatz der sozialen Netzwerke. Wir veranschaulichen den Wert der Einbeziehung einer
persönlichen sozialen Netzwerkperspektive in die Untersuchung interkultureller Kontakte anhand von zwei Beispielen: (1) Eritreische und syrische Geflüchtete in Deutschland und (2) ecuadorianische, marokkanische, pakistanische und rumänische Immigrant*innen in Barcelona, Spanien. Wir schließen mit einigen Gedanken zu den konzeptionellen und methodischen Vorteilen des Ansatzes der sozialen Netzwerke und Überlegungen zu den politischen Implikationen.