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The article tries to explain why in Italy, in spite of the moral & ideological emphasis on the family, there is a general lack of family policies, a persistent feature of the postwar period. Italy is a useful case in that it illustrates that it is possible to have important policy innovations in welfare policies without any significant changes in the dominant modes of representation of the care of children & in the gender division of labor. The traditional "family paradigm" went largely unchallenged in the political discourse of the major political parties until the late 1980s & 1990s. Nevertheless, during the 1990s, the debate on the nature of the family & women's choices seems to have reopened deep political conflict. 36 References. Adapted from the source document.

Women's Citizenship and the Welfare State Cultures in Italy.
The essay tries to analyse the different phases of women's citizenship in Italy between the post-Second World War period to the forthcoming unification of Europe. It intends to show that over the past fifty years there has been an important change in the ethics of the "gift relationship". From being a model for female identity and a paradigm for solidarity within the family, it has become an important value in the public sphere -thanks to policies of social justice and the development of the right of citizenship. The present phase can be read in two different -but not mutually exclusive -ways. The transformations of the family and the women's presence in political institutions seems to guarantee some important prerogatives for womens. At the same time, the prospect of economic and political crisis brings out the deep contradiction between the promotion of gender equality, the unemployment trends and the New-Right approach to the Welfare state.