Suchergebnisse

I 2003, da Magtudredningens hovedrapport udkom, var historien om interessevaretagelse i dansk politik i høj grad et spørgsmål om de organiserede interessers samspil med politiske myndigheder. I løbet af de seneste 20 år er kredsen af eksterne aktører, der arbejder med interessevaretagelse, blevet langt bredere, og professionelle lobbyfirmaer spiller en større rolle. Samtidig foregår interessevaretagelsen på flere arenaer: betydningen af medier og meningsdannelse er stadig mere vigtig, og de sociale medier har tilføjet en helt ny kommunikationskanal. Endelig er interessevaretagelse i dag langt mere professionaliseret end tidligere. Artiklen diskuterer disse udviklingstræk og peger på, hvilke spørgsmål de rejser som centrale i en ny magtudredning. Det gælder f.eks. konsekvenserne for balancen mellem forskellige interesser og for interesseorganisationernes evne til at kanalisere befolkningens interesser ind i det politiske system.

In recent decades, interest groups in Denmark have become more professionalized. Many interest groups have large, professional secretariats, and even smaller groups have strengthened their administration. At the same time, researchers point to the emergence of a group of policy professionals occupying positions in management, politics and organizations – and frequently switching between the various sectors. The article maps the individuals who lead almost 200 Danish interest groups. It shows that many top executives are recruited from the public sector, while it is relatively rare for politicians to be recruited for top positions in interest groups. The organization elite is similar to other elites in terms of personal characteristics and educational backgrounds.

I de seneste årtier er der sket en øget professionalisering af interessevaretagelse i Danmark. Mange interesseorganisationer har i dag store, professionelle sekretariater, og selv mindre organisationer har oprustet deres administration. Samtidig peger forskere på, at der er opstået en gruppe af policyprofessionelle, som indtager positioner i forvaltning, politik og organisationer, og som relativt hyppigt skifter mellem de forskellige sektorer. Artiklen kortlægger de enkeltpersoner, der står i spidsen for næsten 200 danske interesseorganisationer. På baggrund heraf tegnes et billede af de ledende medarbejdere og deres baggrund. Artiklen viser, hvordan mange topchefer rekrutteres fra den offentlige sektor, mens det er forholdsvis sjældent, at politikere bliver ansat i topposter i interesseorganisationer. Organisationseliten ligner andre eliter i forhold til personlige karakteristika og uddannelsesbaggrund.

Appearing in the news media is crucial for interest groups. When making a media presence, groups carefully frame their messages to push political processes in their preferred direction and to maintain organisational support. This article provides a cross-country comparison of the frames used by interest groups appearing in the news media. The article addresses the extent to which groups portray their demands as intended to further the interests of group members or other societal groups or to appeal to benefits to the economy or to the public at large. The analysis uses a dataset registering interest group appearances in the news media in Denmark and the UK. It includes 1,958 group appearances in two major UK newspapers and 3,284 appearances in two comparable Danish newspapers. Differences in frame use are demonstrated across the two countries; between different policy areas as well as between different types of interest groups.

In recent decades, interest groups in Denmark have become more professionalized. Many interest groups have large, professional secretariats, and even smaller groups have strengthened their administration. At the same time, researchers point to the emergence of a group of policy professionals occupying positions in management, politics and organizations – and frequently switching between the various sectors. The article maps the individuals who lead almost 200 Danish interest groups. It shows that many top executives are recruited from the public sector, while it is relatively rare for politicians to be recruited for top positions in interest groups. The organization elite is similar to other elites in terms of personal characteristics and educational backgrounds.

This article analyzes interest group representation and framing in the news media. In contrast to previous work, it focuses on the role of the policy area in shaping the types of groups appearing in the media and the frames used by groups. Empirically, the analysis maps group representation and framing across six different policy areas in the Danish news media. It distinguishes between whether groups frame their viewpoints as furthering (a) the interests of group members, (b) the interests of other specific societal groups, (c) broad economic concerns, or (d) public interests in general. Interest group representation and framing is found to vary between these policy areas. Some areas mainly contrast economic groups and the interests of their members, whereas debates in other areas are more likely to be shaped by references to beneficiaries of welfare state services or broad, public interests.

En række internationale studier har vist, at kvindelige undervisere får dårligere evalueringer end deres mandlige kolleger. Artiklen undersøger, om det også er tilfældet i en dansk kontekst. Artiklens analyser bygger på evalueringer foretaget på Aarhus BSS, hvor et fælles evalueringsskema bruges på tværs af uddannelser, der varierer ganske meget i forhold til kønssammensætningen af både studerende og undervisere. Artiklen inddrager næsten 40.000 evalueringer af mere end 1.000 forskellige undervisere. På den baggrund vises, at der snarere end en helt generel bias i evalueringer ser ud til at være en sammenhæng mellem sammensætningen af undervisergruppen, den studerendes køn og vurderingen af undervisere af forskelligt køn.

International studies have found a gender difference in student evaluations where female teachers are evaluated lower than their male colleagues. This article investigates whether this is also the case in the Danish context. The article draws on evaluations from Aarhus BSS where a common procedure is in place for evaluating all teaching across study programs with varying gender composition of students and teachers. The material includes almost 30,000 student evaluations of more than 1,000 different teachers. Rather than a general gender bias, the analysis finds a relation between the composition of teachers, student gender and the evaluation of teachers of different gender.

AbstractA prominent presence in the news media is important for interest groups. This article investigates the development in the diversity of interest group media attention over time. The analysis draws on a dataset of 19,000 group appearances in the Danish news media in the period 1984–2003. It demonstrates how diversity has risen continually over time, leading to a media agenda less dominated by labour and business and more by public interest groups and sectional groups. This development is related to the increasing political importance of the news media and the decline in group integration in public decision‐making processes. The article also shows how the development of group appearances is closely related to changes in media attention towards different policy areas.