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The aim of this study was to illuminate and interpret the experiences of professionals and men living with life-threatening heroin overdoses in Oslo. A case study design was chosen for data collection. A phenomenological hermeneutic approach and triangulation was used to analyse the data. The na?¨ve reading involved awareness of the perceived sense of social isolation, which had consequences for how life-threatening heroin overdoses were managed, comprehended and motivated by the men. Professionals also experienced isolation, since they had no specific goals or guidelines for cooperation, and relevant political documents did not address the phenomenon of life-threatening heroin overdoses. Non-participant observation revealed different types of isolated interventions, involving very short interventions by several kinds of actors. The structural analysis identified three themes: The meaning of being rescued, the meaning of longing for communion and the meaning of being confused. A comprehensive understanding of the complexity in experiencing and preventing life-threatening heroin overdoses in men in Oslo indicated that the meaning of these social phenomena could be understood as bridging the gaps between barriers to treatment, interaction and motivation.

AbstractPromoting social inclusion of persons with mental health and/or substance use challenges is a political priority. Despite this, this group continues to face multiple obstacles to feeling socially included. Considering the importance of experiencing social inclusion for a person's recovery process and quality of life, an in-depth understanding of what characterizes social inclusion for this group is warranted. This meta-synthesis aimed to synthesize the qualitative findings from original research papers addressing social inclusion in a supported housing context from the perspectives of residents with mental health and/or substance use challenges.. This meta-synthesis was designed according to the recommendations of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). Systematic searches in databases were conducted in Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus. Fourteen papers met the inclusion criteria and were included. The extracted data were analyzed in line with Graneheim and Lundman's (2004) descriptions of qualitative content analysis. The analysis resulted in three overarching categories describing core dimensions of residents' experiences with social inclusion: having access to core resources, participating actively oneself, and being existentially anchored. All categories contained sub-categories. Based on the findings, a new multidimensional conceptualization of social inclusion in a supported housing context was developed.