Suchergebnisse

Purpose – though the global financial crisis is well behind us several EU countries continue to experience problems with public finance stability and need to cope with the consequences of high public debt. The purpose of the article is to find the relationship between government debt and of public finance stability in Lithuania. Research methodology – in order to achieve the aim of the article Financial Stability Index (FSI) for Lithuania has been created. It is based on theory and previous research. To find the determinants of FSI the multiple regression analysis model was specified and tested using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Findings – the results of multiple regression analysis indicate the government debt has a statistically significant impact on FSI, ceteris paribus. Other findings of the research show that profit or loss of the non-financial sector, foreign trade balance as well as a foreign direct investment are significant determinants of public finance stability. Research limitations – one of the limitations of this research is the small sample size that has an impact on the validity and generalizability of the results. Having a longer time-series data or panel data for more countries would improve the robustness and applicability of research results. Practical implications – the results of the research provide guidance to policymakers in the public finance area. Originality/Value − this paper contributes to the scarce literature on government debt and other determinants of financial stability in Lithuania.

Purpose – though the global financial crisis is well behind us several EU countries continue to experience problems with public finance stability and need to cope with the consequences of high public debt. The purpose of the article is to find the relationship between government debt and of public finance stability in Lithuania. Research methodology – in order to achieve the aim of the article Financial Stability Index (FSI) for Lithuania has been created. It is based on theory and previous research. To find the determinants of FSI the multiple regression analysis model was specified and tested using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Findings – the results of multiple regression analysis indicate the government debt has a statistically significant impact on FSI, ceteris paribus. Other findings of the research show that profit or loss of the non-financial sector, foreign trade balance as well as a foreign direct investment are significant determinants of public finance stability. Research limitations – one of the limitations of this research is the small sample size that has an impact on the validity and generalizability of the results. Having a longer time-series data or panel data for more countries would improve the robustness and applicability of research results. Practical implications – the results of the research provide guidance to policymakers in the public finance area. Originality/Value − this paper contributes to the scarce literature on government debt and other determinants of financial stability in Lithuania.

The paper examines efficiency gains of inter-organisational cooperation within the context of federalism. The paper attempts to evaluate cooperation between federal and state agencies responsible for administration of taxes in the United States of America. The cornerstone of such cooperation is an intensive exchange of information between federal and state tax authorities. By adopting the tax structure in all relevant ways close to federal income tax structure, states may benefit from tax audit and other taxpayer return information generated by the federal government. The paper examines the federal-state cooperation in tax administration through the lens of several critical contingencies that determine the type of inter-organisational relationships. Although there is a recent tendency to make the programme a two-way street, state tax administrations receive the greater part of benefits in the consequence of cooperation. ; Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų federalizmo kontekste vykstantis bendradarbiavimas tarp organizacijų didina jų veiklos produktyvumą. Straipsnio tikslas yra įvertinti bendradarbiavimą tarp federalinių ir valstijų lygio organizacijų, atsakingų už mokesčių administravimą. Šio bendradarbiavimo šerdį sudaro intensyvus keitimasis informacija tarp federalinės mokesčių administracijos ir valstijų mokesčių administravimo organizacijų. Priimdamos mokesčių įstatymus, kurie įteisina mokesčių struktūrą visais svarbiais atžvilgiais panašią į federalinio mokesčio struktūrą, valstijos gauna naudos iš federalinių įstaigų atliekamo mokesčių audito ir kitos mokesčių deklaracijose esančios informacijos. Bendradarbiavimas tarp federalinės valdžios ir valstijų lygio mokesčių administravimo organizacijų įvertinamas pagal keletą vadybos literatūroje pateiktų kritinių kriterijų, kurie nulemia tarporganizacinių ryšių pobūdį. Nors pastaraisiais metais išryškėjo tendencija pasiekti abipusiai naudingą bendradarbiavimą, didesnė bendradarbiaujant gauta naudos dalis atitenka valstijų mokesčių administratoriams.

It can be argued that the potential of the real property tax as an important source of local government revenue has not been fully exploited in Lithuania. Much has been done to improve the quality of real property assessments. Both buildings and land taxes are ad valorem taxes and the standard for assessment is a true market value. Mass valuation methods are used and the tax base of all property has to be reassessed every five years.The information on the value of property is easily accessible. In the case of discrepancies between the value produced by mass valuation and an individual valuation, the taxpayer has a right to appeal. In order to have a more productive and »equitable« real estate tax, several improvements are possible. The unification of taxation rules for real estate property (buildings and other structures) and land under a single law would produce a more transparent, simpler tax system that would also be easier to understand and administer. At the same time, the tax base could be broadened by eliminating many of the abundant exemptions and other concessions. In addition, policy makers should set the threshold for the taxation of residential real property that would be both socially just and which would generate revenue at socially acceptable and economically feasible rates.

It can be argued that the potential of the real property tax as an important source of local government revenue has not been fully exploited in Lithuania. Much has been done to improve the quality of real property assessments. Both buildings and land taxes are ad valorem taxes and the standard for assessment is a true market value. Mass valuation methods are used and the tax base of all property has to be reassessed every five years.The information on the value of property is easily accessible. In the case of discrepancies between the value produced by mass valuation and an individual valuation, the taxpayer has a right to appeal. In order to have a more productive and »equitable« real estate tax, several improvements are possible. The unification of taxation rules for real estate property (buildings and other structures) and land under a single law would produce a more transparent, simpler tax system that would also be easier to understand and administer. At the same time, the tax base could be broadened by eliminating many of the abundant exemptions and other concessions. In addition, policy makers should set the threshold for the taxation of residential real property that would be both socially just and which would generate revenue at socially acceptable and economically feasible rates.

It can be argued that the potential of the real property tax as an important source of local government revenue has not been fully exploited in Lithuania. Much has been done to improve the quality of real property assessments. Both buildings and land taxes are ad valorem taxes and the standard for assessment is a true market value. Mass valuation methods are used and the tax base of all property has to be reassessed every five years.The information on the value of property is easily accessible. In the case of discrepancies between the value produced by mass valuation and an individual valuation, the taxpayer has a right to appeal. In order to have a more productive and »equitable« real estate tax, several improvements are possible. The unification of taxation rules for real estate property (buildings and other structures) and land under a single law would produce a more transparent, simpler tax system that would also be easier to understand and administer. At the same time, the tax base could be broadened by eliminating many of the abundant exemptions and other concessions. In addition, policy makers should set the threshold for the taxation of residential real property that would be both socially just and which would generate revenue at socially acceptable and economically feasible rates.

The objective of the article is to present the qualitative research of the perceptions of ethical problems in Lithuanian tax administration from the point of view of both taxpayers and tax administrators. A questionnaire reflecting the statements of the Ethics Code has been designed. A group of taxpayers and a group of tax experts filled the questionnaire reporting their evaluation of practical implementation of the principles of tax administrator's ethical conduct. The questionnaire has been supplemented by personal in-depth interviews to find out the perceptions of what rules of ethical behavior might have been broken in the process of tax collection. Results indicate that taxpayers are less critical in evaluating ethical behavior of tax administrators than tax administrators evaluate themselves. Tax administrators are harsher in judging the ethical behavior of their colleagues and themselves. They also have more proposals to improve co-operation between taxpayers and tax administrators. ; Rinkos ekonomikos sąlygomis visuomenėje padidėja poreikis sukurti ne tik profesionalų, bet ir etišką viešąjį administravimą. Etikos problemų atsiranda, kai valstybės tarnautojo arba mokesčių mokėtojo elgesys neatitinka etiško elgesio normų. Neetiškas elgesys neretai siejasi su korupcija, o korupcija mažina pasitikėjimą demokratija, valstybe, stabdo ekonominį augimą. Įtampa mokesčių administravime atsiranda dėl skirtingų mokesčio administratoriaus ir mokesčių mokėtojo motyvų ir tikslų mokesčių administravimo procese. Iš vienos pusės, mokesčių administratorius yra įpareigotas surinkti į valstybės biudžetą maksimalų kiekį mokestinių pajamų. Iš kitos pusės, mokesčių mokėtojas siekia padidinti savo naudą mokėdamas minimalią mokesčių sumą. Abi pusės siekdamos priešingų tikslų negali peržengti legalumo ir etiško elgesio ribos. Straipsnio tikslas yra pristatyti kokybinį tyrimą apie etikos problemų egzistavimo Lietuvos mokesčių administravime percepciją. Buvo parinktos dvi ekspertų grupės: mokesčių administratorių ir mokesčių mokėtojų grupė.Abi grupės atsakė į klausimus, susijusius su galimais etikos pažeidimais mokesčių administravime. Taip pat abi grupės įvertino etiško elgesio principų, institutiškai įtvirtintų Etikos kodekse, įgyvendinimą praktikoje. Rezultatai rodo, kad mokesčių administratoriai kritiškiau vertina etiško elgesio įgyvendinimą praktikoje nei mokesčių mokėtojai. Tokį rezultatą galima paaiškinti mažesniu mokesčių mokėtojų susipažinimu su etiško elgesio principais bei didesniu nepasitenkinimu mokesčių sistema apskritai, o ne mokesčių administratoriaus elgesiu mokesčių surinkimo procese. Tyrimo išvadas reikėtų vertinti atsargiai dėl mažos tyrimo apimties ir patogumo principu parinktų ekspertų grupių.