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AbstractDespite this being the era of migration, no systematic theory of international migration has emerged, nor is there an academic or political agreement on ways in which migration is a 'gendered' process. Both theoretically and as inputs in the policy‐making process, gender‐blind approaches have actually rendered the gender dimension of migration more or less invisible. Through an in‐depth examination of the place of gender in the key theories of migration and relevant sources of data, the paper seeks to take stock of how these theories treat this dimension and investigate the cross‐sectional challenges in uncovering gender in international migration data. It, therefore, provides a critical review of both theory and data by shedding much‐needed light on their neglect of the gender aspects. Our findings based on a conceptual review of the literature and a case study based on Eurostat data on migration drivers demonstrate that migration theories and statistics typically equate gender with sex, which limits our ability to develop a comprehensive understanding of how complex gender dimensions shape the migration process. Moreover, given the extent to which existing data and theories overlook the intersectionality between the drivers of migration and diversity within migrant groups, this gap in knowledge presents an obstacle to gender‐responsive migration governance. In light of this, the paper discusses priorities for 'gendering' international migration research. We argue that in addition to improving accuracy and coverage of sex‐disaggregated statistics on international migration, both regular and irregular, it is crucial to develop quantitative as well as qualitative indicators to monitor the gender dimension in this area.

To gain a better understanding of migration patterns and trends, policymakers, researchers, and analysts require high-quality data on migration, including the number of migrants, their characteristics, and the reasons for migration. This information is crucial for developing effective migration policies and programs, and for monitoring and evaluating their impact. However, there have been significant gaps in international migration data for several decades. National statistical institutions (NSIs) have a crucial role to play in collecting and reporting data on international migration. They are responsible for ensuring the quality and completeness of migration data, which is essential for policymakers. Understanding the challenges faced by NSIs in collecting and reporting migration data can help improve the quality of data and inform policy decisions. However, the NSIs' perspective is often overlooked in academic research. By introducing the "problem-centered institution questionnaire methodology", this paper provides a cross-country analysis of the challenges that NSIs face in collecting and reporting international migration data. Drawing insights from 30 countries, the study finds that there are significant gaps in the quality and completeness of migration data, particularly in countries without legal responsibility for data collection. NSIs play a crucial role in improving the quality of migration data, but this requires time and political attention. The study suggests that shifting to administrative sources can help gather better data in a timely fashion. Experience sharing and cooperation across NSIs can also help address gaps in the data. In many countries, stock data are derived from censuses and large-scale surveys.

AbstractBased on a national survey funded by the TÜBİTAK SOBAG Program, conducted with 1,957 respondents in 12 cities during 2013‐2014, this article examines the political memory of the 1960, 1971, 1980, and 1997 coups by describing the memories and accompanying emotions of Turkish adults. It then explains how differences in remembering and not remembering the coups are related to demographic, socio‐cultural, political identity, and fear variables. The data reveals diverse, multidirectional, and contesting coup memory patterns. While religiosity was associated with the memories of the 1960 and 1997 coups, self‐declared conservatism, modernity, political identity, political fears differed across the republican/secular and conservative/Islamist divides. The multidirectional and polarized remembering is largely a reflection of the current political context of a polarized memory regime instilled by the ruling Justice and Development Party from the basis of the 1990s′ memory landscape, which was filled with diverse and competing narratives that challenged early republican political memories.

Poverty and social inclusion have constantly been hot topics on political and social agendas and hence the importance of survey data availability in coping with poverty is widely recognised. Empirical evi­dence is one of the main pillars for effective policy making. In order to study the dimensions and dynamics of poverty, and hence to take aim at reducing poverty - quality, adequacy, and timeliness of data is mission-critical. Appropriate and overarching data can bring the situation of the poor into the sight of policy makers. The poorest and most marginalised people are usually unknown and governments have insufficient information about their living conditions. Nevertheless, they are expected to be under the radar of policy makers in order to achieve the Europe 2020 target (reduction by 20 million) as well as the Sustainable Development Goal of zero extreme poverty in the next 15 years (Granoff et al., 2015). Besides administrative records and censuses, national and international surveys are significant data resources for quantitative research. Although household surveys have been on the rise both in quan­tity and frequency over the past 30 years, poverty data still lags behind in coverage and comparability compared to most other socio-economic data. Serajuddin et al. (2015) use the label of 'data depriva­tion' for the data gap in key dimensions of human and social development. In our context, we refer to the data gaps in poverty research to investigate particularly vulnerable groups - or, to put it more positively, we aim to identify priorities for data collection in the coming years. Admittedly, great progress has been made across time and a variety of data sources are currently available. Nevertheless, research interests evolve as the 'information frontiers' are moving: a shift can be observed from merely descriptive research towards analysis and policy evaluation. The changes in paradigms and theoretical approaches (e.g. life course perspective, multilevel governance) as well as the availability of more ...

Migration is humming with activity and fuelled by the changing nature of typologies, geographies, drivers and, more importantly, changing societies. At the same time, 'migration' continues to be a key concern of public and policy debates, especially as intersectional issues of labour rights, citizenship, ethnicity and health inequalities. Alongside the traditional migration categories, new typologies have developed that present particular internal dynamics. The complexity of current migration phenomena, the obstacles in data collection and the limitations in theoretical framework pose challenges for migration studies. Valid, reliable, scientifically driven conceptualisations and arguments on migration are a critical need of the hour – not only for researchers and policymakers, but also for the public whose opinion has a significant role in policymaking. It is important to develop theoretical frameworks and statistical resources that capture the dynamism of migration, the various intersections of identity, economics, globalisation and gender accurately. Ongoing efforts for harmonising definitions and new data sources have contributed to the availability and quality of information on migratory flows. Nevertheless, coherence, consistency and comparability in national and international migration statistics may still be the exception rather than the standard. Today in 2020, although a lot of things have drastically changed, the same challenges and gaps about migration statistics continue to persist. These shortcomings constitute a notable obstacle for researchers and authorities to understand global migration patterns better, develop scenarios, design effective policies, monitor the needs of the population, and to identify how these needs change over time. In the last few decades, there have been multiple attempts by national governments, international and regional organisations, and private institutions to collect better data on migration. However, the existing data on international migration suffers from problems ...

One common demand in the 2011 uprisings in the MENA region was the call for 'freedom, dignity, and social justice.' Citizens rallied against corruption and clientelism, which for many protesters were deeply linked to political tyranny. This book takes the phenomenon of the 2011 uprisings as a point of departure for reassessing clientelism and patronage across the entire MENA region. Using case studies covering Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey and the Gulf monarchies, it looks at how the relationships within and between clientelist and patronage networks changed before 2011. The book assesses how these changes contributed to the destabilization of the established political and social order, and how they affected less visible political processes. It then turns to look at how the political transformations since 2011 have in turn reconfigured these networks in terms of strategies and dynamics, and concomitantly, what implications this has had for the inclusion or exclusion of new actors. Are specific networks expanding or shrinking in the post-2011 contexts? Do these networks reproduce established forms of patron-client relations or do they translate into new modes and mechanisms? As the first book to systematically discuss clientelism, patronage and corruption against the background of the 2011 uprisings, it will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of Middle Eastern Studies. The book also addresses major debates in comparative politics and political sociology by offering 'networks of dependency' as an interdisciplinary conceptual approach that can 'travel' across place and time

Engaging systematically with severe forms of poverty in Europe, this important book stimulates academic, public and policy debate by shedding light on aspects of deprivation and exclusion of people in absolute poverty in affluent societies. It examines issues such as access to health care, housing and nutrition, poverty related shame, and violence. The book investigates different policy and civic responses to extreme poverty, ranging from food donations to penalisation and "social cleansing" of highly visible poor and how it is related to concerns of ethics, justice and human dignity