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THE TWO STRANDS OF THOUGHT OF THE FOUNDING FATHERS OF THE USA, POPULAR SOVEREIGHTY AND PLURALISM, ARE BASED ON THE SAME PREMISES AND ARE CONSISTENT. THEY ARE UNIQUELY AMERICAN AND NOTHING IN THE SUBSEQUENT EXPERIENCE OF US GOVERNMENT RENDERS THEM OBSOLETE. MODERN LITERATURE ON DEMOCRATIC THEORY IS STILL CONCERNED WITH THE TWO, BUT COMTEMPORARY RADICAL APPROACHES ARE DISPLACING THEM.

Cover -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction -- Context and Argument -- Definition and Typology -- Data and Global Patterns -- Chapter Preview -- 2. Carrots and Sticks: Toward a Theory of Electoral Violence -- Power Structures and Electoral Violence -- Choices for Incumbents: Carrots, Sticks, and Cheating -- Opposition Reactions: Exit, Voice, or Disloyalty -- The Production of Electoral Violence -- Conclusion -- 3. Coercive Electoral Governance: The Use of Force by State Actors -- Choices for State Actors -- Overall Patterns -- State Violence, Fraud, and Electoral Manipulation -- Case Studies -- Conclusion -- Appendix to Chapter 3: Robustness Checks -- 4. Violence by Nonstate Actors -- The Concept of Nonstate Electoral Violence -- The Causes of Nonstate Electoral Violence -- Protest and the Production of Violence by Nonstate Actors -- Case Studies -- Conclusion -- 5. Divergent Contexts and Patterns of Violent Elections -- Violence before, during, and after Elections -- Temporal and Geographic Patterns -- Conclusion -- 6. Strategies of Electoral-Violence Prevention -- Electoral-Violence Prevention in Theory and in Practice -- The Impact of Electoral-Violence Prevention: Existing Evidence -- Electoral-Violence Prevention and Institutional Design -- Electoral-Violence Prevention and Electoral Governance -- Case Studies -- Conclusion -- 7. Conclusion: Implications for Theory, Policy, and Practice -- Summary of Findings -- Implications for Political Science -- Implications for Institutional Design -- Implications for Electoral Administration -- Implications for International Electoral Assistance -- Directions for Future Research -- References -- Index.

"This is a professional edited collection for the Inside Technology series looking at what the editors call assetization. They ask: what lies in the wake of commodification? How should we characterize and analyze technoscientific capitalism in the era of Uber and Airbnb, the business model sorcery of giants like Google and Genentech, rising immaterial and cognitive labor productivity represented by the explosion in Big Data, and the construction of population behavior as money-making resource? The editors define an asset as something-a piece of land, a skill or experience, a sum of money, a bodily function or affective personality, a life form, a patent or copyright, etc.-that can be owned or controlled, traded, and capitalized as a revenue stream, often involving the valuation of discounted future earnings in the present. Assets can certainly be bought and sold, yes. But the point is to get a durable rent from them, not to sell them away in the market today. How do things become assets, then? They are made so: the asset form is not, it is important to stress, the consequence of some inherent or embodied quality. The intention of this volume is to show how assets are constructed, how a variety of things are and can be turned into assets, examining the interests, activities, skills, organizations, and relations entangled in this process. Another is to stress that technoscientific capitalism entails specific practices that make the uncertainty inherent in innovation understandable and calculable as part of a broader capitalist system. The asset form reflects the tumult in contemporary technoscientific capitalism, in which it becomes harder and harder to draw clear boundaries around what counts as or comes to constitute capitalism How different is assetization from commodification? Which kind of legal constructions, political arrangements, and economic operations does it entail? Where does it find justification? What kind of critique does it call for? The research gathered in this edited volume opens directions in order to tackle these problems from a critical, qualitative perspective"--

Intro -- Dedication -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Introduction -- Our Global Climate Challenge -- Low-Carbon Transitions: The Case of the Bio-Economy -- Environmental Economic Geographies: Neoliberal Natures? Neoliberal Bio-Economies? -- Empirical Material and Outline of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: Neoliberal Bio-Economies? -- Introduction -- Understanding Neoliberalism -- Neoliberalizing Nature -- Understanding Nature-Economy Relations -- Environmental Economic Geography -- Innovation and Socio-technical Change -- Political-Economic Materialities -- The Co-Construction of Markets and Natures -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Background to Emerging Bio-Economies -- Introduction -- Climate Change and Low-Carbon Futures -- Carbon Emissions and Changing Climate -- Energy and Low-Carbon Transitions -- Bioenergy and Liquid Biofuels -- Bioenergy: From Old to New -- Understanding Liquid Biofuels -- Conventional Biofuels -- Advanced Biofuels -- Biofuels Policy Regimes and Policy Drivers -- Brazil -- United States of America -- European Union -- Where Are Advanced Biofuels Today? -- The Emerging Bio-Economy -- What Is the Bio-Economy? -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Bio-Economy Policy Visions -- Introduction -- Imagined Futures: Policy Visions and Policy Frameworks -- Emergent Imaginaries in the Canadian Bio-Economy -- Competing Definitions of the Bio-Economy 1: Bio-based Products -- Competing Definitions of the Bio-Economy 2: Substitution -- Competing Definitions of the Bio-Economy 3: Renewable Versus Sustainable -- Competing Definitions of the Bio-Economy 4: Societal Transitions -- Fragmented Policy Frameworks in the Canadian Bio-Economy -- Configuring Policy Frameworks -- Fragmented Policy Frameworks -- Conclusion -- References.

I. Foundations. Conceptualizing social behaviour -- Hamilton's rule as an organizing framework -- The rule under attack : tautology, prediction, and casuality -- Kin selection and group selection -- II. Extensions. Gene mobility and the concept of relatedness -- The multicellular organism as a social phenomenon -- Cultural relatedness and human social evolution.

In this book, Kean Birch analyses the co-construction of markets and natures in the emerging bio-economy as a policy response to global environmental change. The bio-economy is an economic system characterized by the use of plants and other biological materials rather than fossil fuels to produce energy, chemicals, and societal goods. Over the last decade or so, numerous countries around the world have developed bio-economy strategies as a potential transition pathway to a low-carbon future. Whether this is achievable or not remains an open question, one which this book seeks to answer. In addressing this question, Kean Birch draws on over ten years of research on the bio-economy around the world, but especially in North America. He examines what kinds of markets and natures are being imagined and constructed in the pursuit of the bio-economy, and problematizes the idea that this is being driven by neoliberalism and the neoliberalization of nature(s).--