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"This is a professional edited collection for the Inside Technology series looking at what the editors call assetization. They ask: what lies in the wake of commodification? How should we characterize and analyze technoscientific capitalism in the era of Uber and Airbnb, the business model sorcery of giants like Google and Genentech, rising immaterial and cognitive labor productivity represented by the explosion in Big Data, and the construction of population behavior as money-making resource? The editors define an asset as something-a piece of land, a skill or experience, a sum of money, a bodily function or affective personality, a life form, a patent or copyright, etc.-that can be owned or controlled, traded, and capitalized as a revenue stream, often involving the valuation of discounted future earnings in the present. Assets can certainly be bought and sold, yes. But the point is to get a durable rent from them, not to sell them away in the market today. How do things become assets, then? They are made so: the asset form is not, it is important to stress, the consequence of some inherent or embodied quality. The intention of this volume is to show how assets are constructed, how a variety of things are and can be turned into assets, examining the interests, activities, skills, organizations, and relations entangled in this process. Another is to stress that technoscientific capitalism entails specific practices that make the uncertainty inherent in innovation understandable and calculable as part of a broader capitalist system. The asset form reflects the tumult in contemporary technoscientific capitalism, in which it becomes harder and harder to draw clear boundaries around what counts as or comes to constitute capitalism How different is assetization from commodification? Which kind of legal constructions, political arrangements, and economic operations does it entail? Where does it find justification? What kind of critique does it call for? The research gathered in this edited volume opens directions in order to tackle these problems from a critical, qualitative perspective"--

Intro -- Dedication -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Introduction -- Our Global Climate Challenge -- Low-Carbon Transitions: The Case of the Bio-Economy -- Environmental Economic Geographies: Neoliberal Natures? Neoliberal Bio-Economies? -- Empirical Material and Outline of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: Neoliberal Bio-Economies? -- Introduction -- Understanding Neoliberalism -- Neoliberalizing Nature -- Understanding Nature-Economy Relations -- Environmental Economic Geography -- Innovation and Socio-technical Change -- Political-Economic Materialities -- The Co-Construction of Markets and Natures -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Background to Emerging Bio-Economies -- Introduction -- Climate Change and Low-Carbon Futures -- Carbon Emissions and Changing Climate -- Energy and Low-Carbon Transitions -- Bioenergy and Liquid Biofuels -- Bioenergy: From Old to New -- Understanding Liquid Biofuels -- Conventional Biofuels -- Advanced Biofuels -- Biofuels Policy Regimes and Policy Drivers -- Brazil -- United States of America -- European Union -- Where Are Advanced Biofuels Today? -- The Emerging Bio-Economy -- What Is the Bio-Economy? -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Bio-Economy Policy Visions -- Introduction -- Imagined Futures: Policy Visions and Policy Frameworks -- Emergent Imaginaries in the Canadian Bio-Economy -- Competing Definitions of the Bio-Economy 1: Bio-based Products -- Competing Definitions of the Bio-Economy 2: Substitution -- Competing Definitions of the Bio-Economy 3: Renewable Versus Sustainable -- Competing Definitions of the Bio-Economy 4: Societal Transitions -- Fragmented Policy Frameworks in the Canadian Bio-Economy -- Configuring Policy Frameworks -- Fragmented Policy Frameworks -- Conclusion -- References.

In this book, Kean Birch analyses the co-construction of markets and natures in the emerging bio-economy as a policy response to global environmental change. The bio-economy is an economic system characterized by the use of plants and other biological materials rather than fossil fuels to produce energy, chemicals, and societal goods. Over the last decade or so, numerous countries around the world have developed bio-economy strategies as a potential transition pathway to a low-carbon future. Whether this is achievable or not remains an open question, one which this book seeks to answer. In addressing this question, Kean Birch draws on over ten years of research on the bio-economy around the world, but especially in North America. He examines what kinds of markets and natures are being imagined and constructed in the pursuit of the bio-economy, and problematizes the idea that this is being driven by neoliberalism and the neoliberalization of nature(s).--

1. Introduction : knowledge economies everywhere! -- 2. Innovation, clusters and knowledge-based commodity chains -- 3. Innovation geographies in the UK life sciences -- 4. Innovation governance in the Scottish life sciences -- 5. Innovation imaginaries in the European life sciences -- 6. Innovation financing in the global life sciences -- 7. Conclusion : innovation and regional development for whom?

Contemporary, technoscientific capitalism is characterized by the (re)configuration of a range of "things" (e.g., infrastructure, data, knowledge, bodies) as assets or capitalized property. Accumulation strategies have changed as a result of this assetization process. Rather than entrepreneurial strategies based on commodity production, technoscientific capitalism is increasingly underpinned by rentiership or the appropriation of value through ownership and control rights (e.g., intellectual property [IP]), monopoly conditions, and regulatory or market devices and practices (e.g., investment dispute courts, exclusivity agreements). While rentiership is often presented as a negative phenomenon (e.g., distorting markets, unearned income) in both neoclassical and Marxist political economy literatures—and much in between—in this paper, I conceptualize rentiership as a technoeconomic practice and process framed by insights from science and technology studies (STS). So, rather than a problematic "side effect" of capitalism, the concept of rentiership enables us to understand how different forms of value extraction constitute, and are constituted by, different forms of technoscience. This allows STS to contribute a distinctive analytical approach to ongoing debates in political economy about economic rents and rent-seeking.

Current debates in science and technology studies emphasize that the bio-economy—or, the articulation of capitalism and biotechnology—is built on notions of commodity production, commodification, and materiality, emphasizing that it is possible to derive value from body parts, molecular and cellular tissues, biological processes, and so on. What is missing from these perspectives, however, is consideration of the political-economic actors, knowledges, and practices involved in the creation and management of value. As part of a rethinking of value in the bio-economy, this article analyzes three key political-economic processes: financialization, capitalization, and assetization. In doing so, it argues that value is managed as part of a series of valuation practices, it is not inherent in biological materialities.

Current debates in science and technology studies emphasize that the bio-economy—or, the articulation of capitalism and biotechnology—is built on notions of commodity production, commodification, and materiality, emphasizing that it is possible to derive value from body parts, molecular and cellular tissues, biological processes, and so on. What is missing from these perspectives, however, is consideration of the political-economic actors, knowledges, and practices involved in the creation and management of value. As part of a rethinking of value in the bio-economy, this article analyzes three key political-economic processes: financialization, capitalization, and assetization. In doing so, it argues that value is managed as part of a series of valuation practices, it is not inherent in biological materialities.

AbstractNeoliberalism means many things to many people. Often used indiscriminately to mean anything 'bad', neoliberalism is in need of dissection as an analytical category and a way of understanding the transformation of society over the last few decades. This paper is a brief introduction to neoliberalism and a number of key analytical approaches used to study it, including governmentality, Marxism, ideational analysis, history and philosophy of economics, institutional analysis, state/regulation theory, and human geography. It finishes with some suggestions for areas of further and future research.