Suchergebnisse

Background: In Nepal, the existing energy divide with 80 percent off the grid population is extreme, despite the global agenda of energy for all (SDG7). Eradicating this energy barrier to reduce poverty and inequality, SDG 7 advocates renewable energy for an off-the-grid rural population under the CSR fund. Objective: This paper examines the status of the CSR practice of the corporate sector in Nepal and the relationship between the CSR of the corporate sector and renewable energy promotion for energy for all in Nepal to reduce the off-the-grid rural population. Method: This paper employed an explorative research design. Its data sets were primary cum secondary. Result: As a result, the CSR practice of the business sector in a developing country like Nepal is not like as three-pillar principles of CSR. Despite a good amount of profit and knowledge about CSR, the poor, random, and voluntary CSR is a big surprise and a loss of opportunity to create social value across the country. Conclusion: In the future, this corporate sector may be vulnerable to potential social and environmental crises, like the government. Therefore, CSR as an excellent economic instrument to sustain corporate activities and meet society's economic and socio-environmental responsibility is a big hope for renewable energy promotion and development to achieve SDG 7: energy for all by 2030. Originality: This paper is not published anywhere else. Paper Type: Research Paper

Background: Concept of single women is not an issue of trauma psychologically and socio-economically in modern household and society, unlike in traditional and patriarchal society. However, it still is a big issue in Nepalese society as well as in academic discourse and development practices, although Nepalese polity is based on postmodernism and has been following western characters. Further, developmental approachesare a proactive gender balanced from top to bottom. Objectives: To examine the relationships between single women, vulnerability level and household structure in rural Nepali society. Methods:Primary data are collected from household survey by using descriptive statistics. Results: It finds the emergence and increment of single women due to the conflict in Nepal (1996-2006).Growing foreign employment led to divorces (1999-2019) and natural deaths of male population paving the way for multifaceted vulnerability of single women in nuclear and joint family. Conclusion:Despite the growth of financial and political independence of single women, vulnerability still is acute in Nepal. It is a barrier to single women's happiness and empowerment. Implication:Findings of this study can be used by policy makers and concerned authorities to make decisions and take appropriate action.

Expansionary public expenditure is a popular important fiscal measure in the constraint of budgetary resources to achieve higher economic growth with the expectation of higher multiplier effect on productive sectors in the world. Since the actual multiplier effect contradicts with the expected multiplier effect in this discretionary fiscal practice, the goal of higher economic growth is not well achieved. In this context, the practice of public expenditure is a key concern of scholars to understand whether it is the best one or whether its multiplier effect is higher. In this context, this study is an important attempt. This paper assesses the multiplier effects of public expenditures on economic growth in Nepal, covering time series data sets of public expenditures and economic growth from 1974-75 to 2018-19 by using the structural vector auto-regressive (SVAR) model. As a result of the SVAR model, the multiplier effect of public expenditure, recurrent expenditure, and capital expenditure is positive for economic growth. In the results, the multiplier effect of recurrent expenditure is found to be more promising than capital expenditure for economic growth in the short run, but in the long run, it is lower. Similarly, the multiplier coefficient value of capital expenditure is lower in the short run. This is probably due to leakages in the economy, corruption and improper management of development funds, seasonal expenditure trends, and poor management of development projects. Thus, public expenditure is an important fiscal measure to developing economy like Nepal to create a multiplier effect through aggregate demand on national income and employment. Therefore, the government should improve the efficiency of public expenditure and the ratio of capital expenditure and private investment to improve the higher multiplier variable in the long run. The result of this paper will be a valuable input to the policymaker and the planner of Nepal to improve the efficiency of public expenditure through the implementation ...