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In: Tidsskrift for velferdsforskning, Band 27, Heft 1, S. 1-15
ISSN: 2464-3076
In: Norsk sosiologisk tidsskrift, Band 5, Heft 6, S. 1-18
ISSN: 2535-2512
In: Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning: TfS = Norwegian journal of social research, Band 59, Heft 4, S. 419-422
ISSN: 1504-291X
In: Women's studies: an interdisciplinary journal, Band 44, Heft 6, S. 903-906
ISSN: 1547-7045
In: Women's studies: an interdisciplinary journal, Band 44, Heft 1, S. 140-143
ISSN: 1547-7045
In: The sociological review, Band 62, Heft 2, S. 295-315
ISSN: 1467-954X
The aim of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for addressing intergenerational transmission, historical change and agency. The framework will be employed to analyse the findings from a longitudinal follow-up study over two generations of men, where couples from Norway participated in an experimental research study, the Work-Sharing Couples Project, which aimed to promote egalitarian work-family adaptations in the early 1970s. The original study was based on both spouses working part-time and shift parenting. The follow-up study concluded that the untraditional work-family arrangement had not been passed on to the sons. The article develops a multidimensional analysis of the work-family adaptations of men in two generations: the untraditional adaptation of fathers in the 1970s; and the neo-traditional adaptations of sons in the 2000s.In developing a four-dimensional approach to intergenerational transmission and social change, the article contributes to the study of intergenerational transmission through the comparison of situated agency in different generations and time/ spaces. Taking into account different aspects of time and space, personal biography, discursive and material structures of opportunity, and intergenerational dynamics at the family level as well as at social level, the article contributes to theorizing longitudinal qualitative research by linking the micro-level to the macro-level.
In: Equality, diversity and inclusion: an international journal, Band 29, Heft 6, S. 573-592
ISSN: 2040-7157
PurposeThis article outlines the longitudinal consequences for men who participated in the work‐sharing couples study which was a Norwegian, experimental research project in the early 1970s. The aim of the original project was to promote gender equality and a better work/life balance in families; the design involved both spouses working part‐time and sharing childcare and housework. This paper aims to present the results of a longitudinal follow‐up study of the participants in the work‐sharing couples study. In this paper the work‐sharing men's part‐time adaptations and the impact of the work‐sharing arrangement on their careers is the main focus.Design/methodology/approachThe original project had a small scale, interventionist design based on couples working part‐time and sharing childcare and housework; effects were documented by questionnaires and time diaries. In the follow‐up study 30 years later, retrospective life‐course couple interviews with the original participants were used. The current paper is based on an analysis of the couple interviews with a particular focus on the men's careers.FindingsObtaining part‐time work was not difficult, and working part‐time was mostly uncomplicated for the men. Neither did their working part time for a substantial amount of time have negative career effects, and they were rather successful professionally. Their experiences as work sharers were mainly positively valued at their workplaces as adding to managerial skills. For those who did not have a managerial career, this was due to personal choice rather than any negative effect of working part‐time.Practical implicationsChanging men's adaptations to work and care is high on the agenda in family research as well as in policy making and the findings from this study contributes to new knowledge which is of interest in research as well as policy making.Originality/valueThe original project was unique internationally, and so is the longitudinal follow‐up of this experiment. The work‐sharing men's part‐time adaptations and the longitudinal impact on their careers provide new and contra‐intuitive insights into the question of men, work and family.
In: Fathering: a journal of theory, research, and practice about men as fathers, Band 8, Heft 3, S. 276-299
ISSN: 1933-026X
In: Equal opportunities international: EOI, Band 28, Heft 4, S. 304-323
ISSN: 1758-7093
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline the background as well as methodological and epistemological aspects to, and the effects of, a follow‐up study 30 years later of the work‐sharing couples project, which is a Norwegian, experimental research project in the early 1970s. The aim of the project is to promote gender equality and a better work/life balance in families. In this paper the variation in work‐sharing and post work‐sharing trajectories over the life‐course is explored, mainly focusing on the impact of the work‐sharing arrangement on the couples' relations, their work/life balance and the well‐being of participants, the core objectives of the original project.Design/methodology/approachThe original project has a small scale, interventionist design based on couples working part‐time and sharing childcare and housework; effects on family life and gender equality are documented by questionnaires and time diaries. In the follow‐up study, retrospective life‐course couple interviews with the original participants are used.FindingsRevisiting the original project produced new insights into, the subversive and radical use of sex‐role theory in early Norwegian family sociology as an instrument of changing gender relations. In the follow‐up study, the high level of participation and the long duration of the arrangement would seem to qualify for a heightened level of expectation as to the effects of the experiment on the participants' lives. A high proportion of the couples are still married, and the work‐sharing arrangement has been regarded by the majority of participants to have had a positive impact on their marital relation, work/life balance and well‐being.Practical implicationsInsights gained from revisiting this project may prove fruitful when confronting contemporary dilemmas of work/life balance, as well as demographic and environmental challenges.Originality/valueThe original project is unique internationally owing to its theoretically subversive, interventionist design and reformatory ambition. The longitudinal follow‐up of the experiment is also unique in family research, and of great value for researchers into gender equality and the family.
Advances in feminist economics in times of economic crisis / Margunn Bjørnholt & Ailsa McKay -- Feminist economics as vision for a sustainable future / Iulie Aslaksen, Torunn Bragstad & Berit Ås -- Everything needs care : toward a context-based economy / Sabine O'Hara -- Reflections on unpaid household work, economic growth, and consumption possibilities / Iulie Aslaksen & Charlotte Koren -- Women's unpaid work was counted but ... / Johanna Varjonen & Leena M. Kirjavainen -- Accounting for death : infant mortality, the MDGs, and women's (dis)empowerment / Monica J. Casper & William Paul Simmons -- Substantive equality, Stockholm Syndrome and the costs of child sexual abuse / Shirley Jülich -- A Pacific way of counting / Tagaloatele Peggy Fairbairn-Dunlop -- Narrative trumps numbers : Marilyn Waring in the world / Rod Dobell, with Jodie Walsh -- If mothers counted : status symbols for the invisible art of mothering / Hadara Scheflan Katzav & Shira Richter -- Whose rights count? : a research journey with Marilyn Waring on unpaid HIV care and the economics of dignity / Meena Shivdas & Anit N. Mukherjee -- Rural, northern Canadian women's caregiving experiences in the context of economic values / Heather I. Peters, Dawn Hemingway, Anita Vaillancourt & Jo-Anne Fiske -- Creating conceptual tools for change : Marilyn Waring's influence in Australia / Marty Grace & Lyn Craig -- Making mothers' milk count / Julie P. Smith -- Resilient feminism : social movement strategy in a conservative regnum / Mara Fridell & Lorna Turnbull -- Counting embodied learning : Marilyn Waring and feminist pedagogical practice / Jill Eichhorn -- Post-graduate supervision with MJW / Karen Webster -- Epilogue: Wow! Marilyn Waring
In: Tidsskrift for kjønnsforskning, Band 47, Heft 2-3, S. 51-53
ISSN: 1891-1781
In: Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning: TfS = Norwegian journal of social research, Band 64, Heft 3, S. 187-205
ISSN: 1504-291X
In: Journal of European social policy, Band 29, Heft 2, S. 292-304
ISSN: 1461-7269
This article explores how families with young children arrive at and live with different work–family adaptations within a welfare state that strongly supports the dual earner/dual carer model – that of Norway. It draws on a qualitative study among Norwegian-born and Polish-born parents, representing, respectively, 'insider' and 'outsider' views on this model. The analysis aims at capturing the dynamic interplay between structures and policies, and everyday practices. We found that both Norwegian and Polish parents embraced the cultural ideal of the dual earner/dual carer model, but that their perceived scope of action differed. Within the Norwegian group, there were differences related to class, however. Among middle-class Norwegian parents, the model was internalized as a moral obligation and part of identity, making it difficult to voice and cope with work–family conflict. Working-class parents in this group varied more in their identification with this model. Across class, Polish parents, in contrast, used welfare state entitlements eclectically to shape new and more gender equal family practices in Norway and to adjust to changing circumstances. The article illustrates how enabling structures may represent both opportunities for and limitation to individual agency, undermining the assumption of a simple 'fit' between work–family policies, work–family adaptations and gender equality in the family.
In: Journal of gender-based violence: JGBV, Band 2, Heft 3, S. 465-479
ISSN: 2398-6816
This article contributes to the methodological debate on how to define and measure violence in order to more effectively capture gendered patterns of exposure to violence in survey studies. The authors take as their starting point Walby and Towers' proposals to mainstream gender in surveys, and to define violence more narrowly by adding the concept of injury. This article applies Walby and Towers' quality criteria to a Norwegian survey on violence and rape, and finds that it performs relatively well in accounting for the main gender dimensions they propose. The article presents an analysis of the gender dimensions of violence in the original study, as well as a re-analysis of the data, including harm in line with Walby and Towers' propositions. It also adds fear of being severely injured or killed. Based on this analysis, the authors conclude that acts alone represent an adequate measure for severe violence and sexual violence and the gendered pattern of exposure. In contrast with Walby and Towers' assumption, adding harm did not change the gender distribution of exposure. However, adding fear of being injured or killed made a gender difference.