Suchergebnisse

An examination of sport, national identity, & gender performance focuses on women's soccer in the US & draws on 1992-1996 data from a larger study of the Poseurs, a San Francisco Bay Area (CA) women's soccer team comprising mostly Irish immigrants. The connection between Irish nationalism & Gaelic football is discussed, along with the ancillary role played by women, the Gaelic Athletic Assoc's antipathy to soccer, & the 1987 formation of the first female soccer team of immigrants from Ireland. The social & symbolic functions of team membership are discussed, along with practical advantages, eg, access to a job-finding network. It is suggested that the violation of traditional gender roles manifested through the soccer team serves to reinforce detachment from Irish paternalist & parochial norms. Distinctions are made between coping strategies devised by male football players & female soccer players, noting both exhibited considerable ambivalence toward their cultural inheritance while expressing a strong attachment to Ireland. J. Lindroth

A BATTLE IS PREDICTED OVER THE DIRECTION OF U.S. ECONOMIC POLICIES, THAT WILL HAVE CONSEQUENCES NOT ONLY FOR THE NATION'S ECONOMY, BUT ALSO FOR AMERICAN SOCIETY AND NATIONAL SECURITY. THE UNITED STATES NEEDS A SET OF COMMITMENTS TO TARGET NEEDS LIKE INDUSTRIAL RENEWAL AND RETENTION, ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, THIS ARTICLE SUGGESTS THAT SUCH A POLICY WOULD NOT ONLY ENSURE THAT THE NATION'S SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES ARE DIRECTED TOWARD SOLVING AMERICA'S MOST PRESSING SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS, BUT WOULD ALSO PRODUCE A MORE BALANCED AND PRODUCTIVE ECONOMY.

THIS RESEARCH EXAMINES THE RELATIVE UTILITY OF IDEOLOGY (AS COMPARED TO PARTY AFFILIATION, REGIONALISM, ELECTION STATUS, AND PRESIDENTIAL LEADERSHIP) IN EXPLAINING SENATE VOTING DECISIONS ON THE TWO PANAMA CANAL TREATIES IN MARCH AND APRIL 1978. EMPLOYING BIVARIATE AND MULTIVARIATE TECHNIQUES, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT THE IDEOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF VOTING WAS MORE POTENT THAN THE OTHERS FOR THESE TWO TREATIES. IN ADDITION, WHEN WE ANALYZED SEPARATELY SENATORS WHO DECIDED EARLY AND SENATORS WHO DECIDED CLOSE TO THE VOTE, WE AGAIN FOUND THAT THE IDEOLOGICAL VARIABLE REMAINED THE CRUCIAL FACTOR IN THE DECISION CALCULUS OF BOTH GROUPS. ONLY AMONG "LATE DECIDERS" DO WE BEGIN TO WITNESS THE SIGNIFICANT EFFECT OF ANOTHER FACTOR, REGIONALISM. WE DISCUSS THE IMPLICATION OF THE RESULTS FOR SALIENT ISSUES IN AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY.

Ethiopia has recently committed to economic transformation and industrialisation through a low-carbon development trajectory. Existing literature highlights innovation as a critical driver of industrialisation, and the need for 'green' innovations to improve resource productivity and reduce pollution. However, empirical studies investigating the nexus between green innovation systems and industrialisation in developing countries are limited. Based on nine semi-structured interviews and a survey of 117 firms, this paper assesses sectoral systems of innovation in Ethiopia's cement, leather and textile sectors, with a view to understanding their functioning toward supporting green industrialisation. Results revealed low rates of product and process innovations among firms in Ethiopia. The main inhibitors of innovation are high costs of technology, inadequate finance and limited information. Improving competitiveness is the main driver of firms' innovation, while reducing environmental impacts and meeting environmental regulations were among the least important motivators. Moreover, interactions among firms, government and other actors encourage innovation. The study therefore suggests enhancing coordination among key actors, providing financial incentives for firms, and enforcing environmental regulations.

Background Giving children the best start in life is critical for their future health and wellbeing. Political devolution in the UK provides a natural experiment to explore how public health systems contribute to children's early developmental outcomes across four countries. Method A systematic literature review and input from a stakeholder group was used to develop a public health systems framework. This framework then informed analysis of public health policy approaches to early child development. Results A total of 118 studies met the inclusion criteria. All national policies championed a 'prevention approach' to early child development. Political factors shaped divergence, with variation in national conceptualizations of child development ('preparing for life' versus 'preparing for school') and pre-school provision ('universal entitlement' or 'earned benefit'). Poverty and resourcing were identified as key system factors that influenced outcomes. Scotland and Wales have enacted distinctive legislation focusing on wider determinants. However, this is limited by the extent of devolved powers. Conclusion The systems framework clarifies policy complexity relating to early child development. The divergence of child development policies in the four countries and, particularly, the explicit recognition in Scottish and Welsh policy of wider determinants, creates scope for this topic to be a tracer area to compare UK public health systems longer term.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- PART I Introduction: Independent/Successful Longevity -- Introduction -- 1. New Visions for Aging in Place -- 2. A Hopeful Future -- PART II Demographics and Challenges -- Introduction -- 3. Changing Demographic Realities -- 4. Future Social and Economic Changes -- PART III Housing and Services -- Introduction -- 5. From Home to Hospice: The Range of Housing Alternatives -- 6. Community Services -- PART IV Homes -- Introduction -- 7. The Home Environment and Aging -- 8. Technology Solutions -- 9. A Contractor's Perspective -- 10. A Case Study: Interior Design for Aging in Place -- 11. Multifamily Housing -- 12. A Case Study: Th e Freedom Home -- PART V Neighborhoods -- Introduction -- 13. Healthy Communities -- 14. Local Community Action -- 15. Retrofitting Suburbs -- 16. Longevity and Urbanism -- 17. Neighborhood Development -- PART VI Strategies for Change -- Introduction -- 18. Vulnerable Populations -- 19. Housing Finance -- 20. A Political Strategy -- Conclusion: Aging in Place -- Resources -- Glossary -- Index

The European Union (EU) initiative on the Digital Transformation of Health and Care (Digicare) aims to provide the conditions necessary for building a secure, flexible, and decentralized digital health infrastructure. Creating a European Health Research and Innovation Cloud (HRIC) within this environment should enable data sharing and analysis for health research across the EU, in compliance with data protection legislation while preserving the full trust of the participants. Such a HRIC should learn from and build on existing data infrastructures, integrate best practices, and focus on the concrete needs of the community in terms of technologies, governance, management, regulation, and ethics requirements. Here, we describe the vision and expected benefits of digital data sharing in health research activities and present a roadmap that fosters the opportunities while answering the challenges of implementing a HRIC. For this, we put forward five specific recommendations and action points to ensure that a European HRIC: i) is built on established standards and guidelines, providing cloud technologies through an open and decentralized infrastructure; ii) is developed and certified to the highest standards of interoperability and data security that can be trusted by all stakeholders; iii) is supported by a robust ethical and legal framework that is compliant with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR); iv) establishes a proper environment for the training of new generations of data and medical scientists; and v) stimulates research and innovation in transnational collaborations through public and private initiatives and partnerships funded by the EU through Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe.